epo’A T[Zfmnk fJfsjk;<\/strong><\/h1>\n-gqGi’s f;zx
\n(94655- 89440)<\/p>\n
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fJfsjk; dh ftnkfynk B{z fJfsjk;ekoK dk e;p ;wfMnk iKdk j?.go fJfsjk; dh ftnkfynk f;oca s\/ f;oca fJfsjk;eko sZe ;hfws BjhA jz[dh.fJj ekoi ejkDheko, Bktbeko ns\/ BkNeeko th eod\/ jB.fJ; s’A fJbktk fcabwK d\/ iaohJ\/ th, fJfsjk; dh ftnkfynk b’eK d\/ nZr\/ g\/;a ehsh iKdh j?.fcabw ‘ d pb?e fgqz; ‘ d\/ wkocas th, fJ; ekoi B{z ;onzikw fdZsk frnk j?. fJ; fcabw ftZu ‘ wjkokik dbhg f;zx ‘ d\/ fJfsjk; B{z fcabwh god\/ T[Zs\/ T[skfonk frnk j?.fcabw B\/ dbhg f;zx B{z epo ftZu’A TZ[mk e\/ b’eK d\/ o{po{ ehsk j?.fcabw B{z d\/y e\/ fJzM gqshs jz[dk j? fe fitA\/ dbhg f;zx epo sA’ pkjo nk e\/ ya[d^pya[d b’eK Bkb ;ztkd eo fojk j?.<\/b><\/div>\ndbhg f;zx T[Zs\/ nzro\/ia je{ws B\/ nzsK dk efjo toskfJnk ;h. yakb;k oki dk tko; j’D eoe\/, dbhg f;zx pkb T[wo\/ jh nzro\/iaK d\/ fB;akB\/ ‘s\/ nk frnk ;h.dbhg f;zx B{z ipoh, T[; dh wK (wjkokDh fizdK) s’A nbfjdk eo fdZsk frnk,T[; dh pkd;akjs B{z yasw eoe\/, yakb;k oki B{z fcozrh ;kwoki ftZu ;akfwb eo fbnk frnk ;h.go nzro\/iah ia[bw dk e[uZeo, fJZE\/ jh ;wkgs BjhA jz[dk.ia[bw dh fJzsjk sK T[d’A jz[dh j?, id’A T[; dk Xow spdhb eo fdZsk iKdk j?.nzro\/ia pkb wjkoki\/ d\/ nkb\/^d[nkb\/, ;a?skBh GktBk Bkb, Jh;kJhns dk ikD p[De\/, nkfyo T[; e’bA’ nsZ[b f;Zyh B{z y’j b?Ad\/ jB.go dbhg f;zx d\/ ntu\/sB ftZu’A, T[j f;Zyh B{z rkfJp eoB ftZu Bkekw:kp ofjzd\/ jB.fcabw;aki B\/ dbhg f;zx d\/ wB dh fJ; gos B{z pV\/ jh ebkswe nzdkia ftZu g\/;a ehsk j?.froik xo ftZu jkiaoh GoB rJ\/ dbhg f;zx B{z id fJj fejk iKdk j? fe Jh;k d\/ xo ftZu pVk ;e{B fwbdk j? sK T[j fJ; rZb s\/ pVk mzvk fijk gqsheow fdzdk j? .gqsheow d\/D t\/b\/ th T[; dh ‘ jK ‘ ftZu, T[; dh o{j ;akfwb BjhA jz[dh.i\/ ;akfwb th jz[dh j? sK fJj f;oca T[; dk nz;ae o{g jh j[zdk j?.vkH i “jB b’frB Bkb th, T[j froik xo ftZu, p[M\/ fij\/ wB Bkb jh p?mk jz[dk j?.don;b froik xo ftZu, T[j jw\/;ak T[dk; fijk jh Biao nkT[Adk j?. nkgD\/ ftnkj t\/b\/, ukj\/ T[j froik xo ftZu y[;a ftykJh fdzdk j?.go fJ; B{z Jh;kJhns gqsh nEkj fgnko dh fB;akBh BjhA fejk ik ;edk.fJj sK T[; d\/ ftnkj dk ukn j?.i’ T[; d\/ r[bkp tKr{ fyV\/ fujo\/ s’A Biao fojk j?.<\/b><\/div>\nr[bkwh pzd\/ iK pzfdnK d\/ ;w{j (e”w) dk eh j;ao eodh j?? < fJ; B{z dbhg f;zx d\/ feodko okjhA ;fji\/ jh d\/fynk ns\/ ;wfMnk ik ;edk j?. nkgD\/ Xow ns\/ oki B{z rtkT[D sA’ pknd, id dbhg f;zx nkgDh wK ‘wjkokDh fizdK ‘ B{z fwbD dh ykfj;a ikfjo eodk j? sK vkH b’frB T[; dh ykfj;a B{z wkoB bJh ;” e[soe fdzdk j?.pZu\/ dh nkgDh wK B{z fwbD dh ukjs pVh e[dosh jz[dh j?.fJj T[; dk g?dkfJ;ah jZe j?.go nzro\/ia dbhg f;zx B{z fJ; jZe sA’ tKMk oZyDk ukjz[d\/ ;B.fi; eZ[y ‘u’A pZuk iBw b?Adk j?, T[; Bkb T[; dh w’j Goh ;KM B{z iiafpnK d\/ gZXo ‘ s\/ jh ;wfMnk ik ;edk j?.fJ; iiap\/ s’A nzro\/ia Bk^tkfeca BjhA ;B pbfe T[j fJ; sA’ Gbh^GKs ikD{ ;B.go wjkokDh fizdK dh ;aya;hns sA’ r’o\/ G?n yKd\/ ;B.wK^gZ[s dh fwbDh B{z, T[j e\/tb f;nk;h Biao sA’ jh d\/y oj\/ ;B.w[bkeks d\/ iiapksh gfjb{ tZb , T[jBK B\/ ikD^pZ[M e\/ nZyK whN bJhnK ;B.TZ[usw ;fGnksk d\/ nbzpodko ejkT[D tkb\/ nzro\/iaK dk fJj fJybkeh coia pDdk ;h fe T[j wK^gZ[s dh fwbDh ftZu e’Jh nfVZek yVk Bk eod\/.go T[jBK B\/ d’tK dh w[bkeks B{z o’eD bJh g{oh tkj bk fdZsh ;h.go dbhg f;zx nkgDh wK B{z fwbD dh fdqVk fJZSk oZydk ;h.;’, nkfyo ‘ r[bkw wjkoki\/ ‘ B{z , nzro\/I oki;h wkg^s’b eoB s’A pknd, nkgDh wK B{z fwbD dh fJikias d\/ fdzd\/ jB. fcabw d\/ fJj fdq;a do;ae B{z, fJ; rZb s’A pky{ph ikD{ eotk iKd\/ jB fe r[bkwh fJzBh e[bfjDh jz[dh j? fe fJZe pZu\/ B{z nkgDh wK B{z fwbD bJh th jkew s’A nkfrnk b?Dh g?Adh j?.<\/b><\/div>\ndbhg f;zx id nkgDh wK B{z fwbD bJh ebeZs\/ gjz[udk j? sK fpqfN;a je{ws tZbA’ xV\/ rJ\/ ‘ fJzvhnk ‘ (tZy^tZy ;[szso okiK T[Zs\/ epiak eoe\/ pDkfJnk frnk oki) d\/ rtoBb iBob ( bkov e?fBzr) tZbA’, T[; dk pDkT[Nh fijk ;tkrs jz[dk j?.e?\/fBzr dbhg f;zx nZr\/ ;fseko dk fdyktk eodk ns\/ T[; B{z Xweh Go\/ bfji\/ ftZu efjzdk j? fe s[;hA fJE\/ T[j jh eo’, i’ eoB nkJ\/ j’.s[jkvh fyadws eoBk, ;kvh y[;afe;wsh j’trh.e?fBzr fJjBK bcaiaK okjhA dbhg f;zx B{z, fe;\/ f;nk;h ;orowh s’A goQ\/ ofjD dh skVBk eodk j?.<\/b><\/div>\ndbhg f;zx id nkgDh wK d\/ ;Bw[y yVk jz[dk j? sK wK nkgDh X[zdbh j’ uZ[eh fBrkj Bkb, T[; tZb sZedh j?.fcabw dk fJj ;hB fJZe’ tko ‘u fezBk e[ZM efj iKdk j?.wjkokDh fizd e”o fJZe c’bkdh n”os ;h.r[o{ eh f;ZyDh d\/ b’j^ fJokd\/, fJ; ;hB ftZu gqsZy s”o ‘s\/ B;ao j’ iKd\/ jB. fcabw;aki fJj ftykT[D ftZu ;cab fojk j? fe Gkt\/A wjkokDh fizdK dh pkjoh Biao pVh ewi’ao g? uZ[eh ;h. go T[; dh nzdo{Bh Biao (d{o^fdq;aNh) gfjbK tKr{ ekfJw ;h.t?;\/ wjkokDh d\/ feodko ftZu j’o th ikB gkJh ik ;edh ;h,go w”i{dk feodko th T[; dh ;aya;hns Bkb ekcah jZd sZe, fJB;kca eoB ftZu ekw:kp fojk j?.fJZe f;Zyh wjkokDh bJh nkgD\/ gZ[s d\/ eZN\/ j’J\/ e\/;K B{z d\/yDk fezBk n”yk ;h < T[j fJ; fdq;a ftZu b'eK dh Biao ehsk frnk j?.g[Zs d\/ fJ;kJh pDB ekoB, T[; dk nzdo uhfonk iKdk j?.go T[j fco th nkgDh sebhca B{z g{oh soQK pkjo BjhA nkT[D fdzdh feT[Afe T[j ikDdh j? fe dbhg f;zx B{z f;Zyh ftZu tkfg; fbnkT[Dk e'Jh ;\"yk ekoi BjhA j?.T[j pV\/ jh ;ziw Go\/ Yzr Bkb dbhg f;zx B{z efjzdh j? fe T[jBK b'eK (nzro\/iaK) B\/ s?B{z fezBk pdb fdZsk j?. fit\/A^fitA\/ fcabw dh ohb dk uZeo nZr\/ tZXdk j?, wjkokDh nkgD\/ gZ[s d\/ nzdoA' fYZbhnK g? uZ[ehnK,f;Zy^sozrK B{z,wiap{s eoB dk :sB eodh j'Jh, fdykJh fdzdh j?.wjkokDh id dbhg f;zx e'b'A fJzrb?Av ns\/ fJzrb?Av tk;hnK pko\/ g[ZSdh j? sK dbhg f;zx T[jBK dh wjK^sohca ;a[o{ eo fdzdk j?.T[j wfbek fteN'ohnk d\/ r'o\/ ozr B{z th ;bkj[dk j?. go wjkokDh fizdK fteN'ohnk d\/ r'o\/ ozr B{z e'Jh yak; nfjwhns BjhA fdzdh. fizdK efjzdh j? fe T[j r'oh sK j'Dh j?, go ;'jDh BjhA j'Dh.t?;\/ sK ;wki, r'o\/ ozr B{z ;[BZy\/ j'D dk g[yask ;p{s wzBdk j?.go wjkokDh fJ; wkgdzv B{z oZd eo fdzdh j?.T[AM wjkokDh dk wkgdzv,nkw fiazdrh ftZu th eJh irQk *s\/ yok T[sodk j?. go fizd e\"o dh fJ; gjz[u d\/ nkw wknB\/ BjhA jB. wjkokDh fizd e\"o dh, fJj gj[zu nkgD\/ nzdo r{VQ\/ noEK B{z ;w'Jh p\/?mh j?.<\/b><\/div>\nfJZE\/ wjkokDh dk we;d nkgDh ;[zdosk B{z tfvnkT[Dk BjhA j?. T[AM fJZe ;hwk sZe, fJ; rZb T[Zs\/ ;jh th gkJh ik ;edh j?. go fJ; B{z g{oh soQK Bkb do[;s BjhA mfjokfJnk ik ;edk.wjkokDh dh fdq;aNh fJZE\/ fBZi s’A nZr\/ fBebh j’Jh j?.T[; dh fBrkj ftZu gzikp dk ;[jZgD, fJzrb?Av dh ;[zdosk Bkb’A feZs\/ tZvk j?.fJZE\/ w;bk fi;wkBh ;[zdosk dk BjhA j?.pbfe gzikp dh T[Zswsk dk j?.wfbek fteN’ohnk f;oca fJZe n”os BjhA j?.T[j fJZE\/ fpqfNP ;kwoki dh gqshfBZX j?.don;b wjkokDh fizdK, fJZE\/ fteN’ohnk dh ;z[dosk *s\/ ;tkbhnk fuzBQ brk e\/, nzro\/iaK d\/ wB dh ekby B{z, ;fji^;[Gn jh T[ikro eo iKdh j?.<\/b><\/div>\ngzikp dh T[Zswsk dk nfj;k; fJj do;kT[Adk j? fe Gkt\/A gzikp dh okiBhfse gqG[;Zsk yasw j’ uZ[eh j?.go wjkokDh d\/ fiajB nzdo gqG[;Zsk dk fyankb jkb\/ th g{oh soQK ;kps fgnk j\/?.id dbhg f;zx T[; nZr\/ pV\/ wkD Bkb efjzdk j? fe wfbek fteN’ohnk, T[; B{z ‘ fgqz; ‘ efjzdh j? sK wjkokDh fizdK T[; dh w[oMk uZ[eh u\/sBk B{z ;o;pia eodh j’Jh nkydh j? fe r’o\/ s\/o\/ Bkb co\/p eo oj\/ jB.s{z ‘ fgzq; ‘ BjhA, ‘ wjkokik ‘ j?.fteN’ohnk B\/ s\/ok o[spk xNk e\/ ‘ fgqz; ‘ eo fdZsk j?.T[j s\/o\/ nzdo ‘ wjkoki\/ ‘ d\/ nfj;k; B{z itkB BjhA j’D d\/Dk ukjz[dh. fJ; bJh T[; B\/ s?B{z ‘ fgqz; ‘ dk doik fdZsk j’fJnk j?.<\/b><\/div>\nwjkokDh fizd e”o fJzrb?v ftZu th nkgD\/ T[Zswsk d\/ nfj;k; B{z wZXw BjhA g?D fdzdh.T[; dh T[Zswsk dh GktBk jzeko dh d\/D BjhA j? pbfe fJj sK T[; d\/ ;t?wkD dk gqrNktk j?.fJj ;t?wkD, T[; dh ;t?^T[gi BjhA j? pbfe fJj sK r[o{ gkfs;akj dh fJbkjh dks j?.wjkokDh nkgD\/ gZ[s B{z fJ; fJbkjh dks d\/ nZr\/ Bsw;se j’D dh, brksko g\/qoDk fdzdh ofjzdh j?. nkgDh fJ; e’f;a;a ftZu, T[j e’Jh ftxB BjhA g?D fdzdh.go T[; dh f;js brksko fvZrdh ofjzdh j?.w”s d\/ B\/V\/ Y[Zeh wjkokDh, nkgD\/ nksw^ft;atk; ftZu, fe;\/ soQK dh ewh BjhA nkT[D fdzdh.eJh do;aeK B{z T[; dh w”s d\/ bkr\/ dk ;wK T[dk;h Gfonk bZfrnk j? iK bZr ;edk j?.go nfijk ;’uD tkb\/ b’e, wjkokDh dh nzso^nkswk dh nktkia B{z, ;[DB ftZu n;woZE oj\/ jB.T[; d\/ Xhw\/ p’bK B{z Yfjdh ebk efjDk w{b’A jh rbs j’t\/rk.T[; d\/ Xhw\/ p’b T[; dh ;ohoe ewi’aoh B{z ikfjo eod\/ jB Bkfe T[; dh wkBf;e fBopbsk B{z. T[; dh fuzsk fusk ;wkB BjhA j? pbfe fJj sK T[; dh u\/sBsk d\/ gotkj B{z jh g\/;a eodh j?.Gkt nkyoh ;w\/A th T[; dh ;’u iVsk dh jkbs ftZu BjhA ;h.T[; nzdo gfjbK tkbh ‘ fizd e”o’ jkb\/ th fiT{Adh ;h. i’ dbhg f;zx d\/ f;Zy ntu\/sB B{z, c’s j’D sZe th gqGkfts eodh ofjzdh j?. wjkokDh dh ;[jps ftZu dbhg f;zx B{z ‘n;bh oDihs f;zx ‘ d\/ do;aB th j’ iKd\/ jB. i’ jw\/;ak ‘yakb;k gzE ‘ nZr\/ itkpd\/j ofjzdk ;h.Gkt T[; bJh, i\/ e[ZM ;[gohw ;h sK T[j r[o{ ek gzE ;h.fi; dh uVQsb B{z ;Ekfgs ns\/ ekfJw oZyD bJh, T[j swkw T[wo i{Mdk fojk.fcabw ngDh ;hwk ns\/ ;woZEk w[skfpe ‘n;bh oDihs f;zx ‘ d\/ ne; B{z T[xkVB dk g{ok :sB eodh j?. ni’e\/ d”o ftZu fJ; rZb dh wjZssk j’o th tZX iKdh j? feT[Afe gzE fto’Xh b’e wjkokik oDihs f;zx B{z rbs noEK ftZu g\/;a eo oj\/ jB. fJ; esko ftZu eZ[M nbg^pZ[Xh tkb\/ f;Zy th Pkfwb jB.i’ nkJ\/ fdB oDihs f;zx dh feodkoe[;ah eod\/ ofjzd\/ jB .t?;\/ sK fJj toskok fuoK sA’ ikoh j?. go ;wK phsFD Bkb fJj gZ[mh fposh j’o I’o cVdh ik ojh j?. oDihs f;zx dh fBzfdnk eoB tkb\/ e[ZM ftnesh sK fJfsjk; d\/ ;[Gkn s’A nDikD jB.go pj[s\/ ftnesh g{o\/ j’;a’ ^jtk;a ftZu, f;Zy fJfsjk; B{z w?bk eoB dk Bkgke :sB eo oj\/ jB.fJfsjk; nzdo id th wjKBkfJe T[sodk j? sK T[j ewia’ohnk sA’ w[es BjhA jz[dk.T[; dk stkohyh^nwb p\/fw;kb jz[dk j?. go T[; dh gotkI ftZu ewia’ohnK ftxB th gkT[AdhnK jB.;{MtkB b\/ye wjKBkfJe dhnK tZv^nekoh gqkgshnK B{z e\/Ado ftZu oZy e\/, T[; dh j;sh dh ftnkfynk eod\/ jB.fJ; soia dh fJfsjk;ekoh ftZu f;cas^Gog{o Pya;hns dhnK ewhnK B{z ezY\/ *s\/ oZfynk iKdk j? ns\/ fJjBK ewhnK dh :Ek^;zGt nkb’uBk th ehsh iKdh j?. id fe wjKBkfJe d\/ fyabkca fbyD tkb\/ b’eK dk nwb fpbe[b T[bN fe;w dk jz[dk j?.fJj b\/ye tZvh j;sh d\/ B[e;kA B{z sK f;zarko e\/ g\/;a eod\/ jB, go T[; dh B\/e ewkJh B{z jk;ahJ\/ tZb XZe fdzd\/ jB. fJ; sohe\/ dk fJ;s\/wkb, oDihs f;zx d\/ ufoZsoxkD bJh j’ fojk j?. fcabw ‘;a\/o\/^J\/^gzikp’ d\/ fBzdeK B{z wke{b itkp d\/D dh e’f;a;a eodh j?.<\/b><\/div>\nfcabw dbhg f;zx d\/ ihtB^fJfsjk; dk y[Pe t\/otk g\/;a BjhA eodh pbfe T[; dh wB’;fEsh B{z nbZr^nbZr e’DK s’A fpnkB eoB dk :sB eodh j?.wjkokDh fizdK dh w”s s’A pknd dbhg f;zx nkgDh gSkD dh Gkb ftZu fBeb g?Adk j?. t?;\/ sK T[; d\/ nzdo gSkD dk ;tkb, fes\/ Bk fes\/ gfjbK jh w”i{d jz[dk j?\/. go wK Bkb fwbkg s’A pknd, fJj shyD o{g XkoB eo iKdk j?.r[Iod\/ ;w\/A Bkb fJ; dh Xko j’o th fsZyh j’ iKdh j?.dbhg f;zx p\/u?B j’ iKdk j?.T[; dk wB sK T[; d\/ f;Zy j’D dh ;ajkds Godk j?.go fdwkr T[; B{z Jh;kJh do;kT\u02c6[D *s\/ pfiaZd ofjzdk j?.fJZe bzwh e;awe;a d\/ pknd, T[; *s\/ E’gh j’Jh Jh;kJhns YZm iKdh j? ns\/ fJ; d\/ Bkb jh, T[; d\/ nu\/s^wB *u ;EkJh jkiaoh oZyD tkbh f;Zyh, u\/sB o{g ftZu gqrN j’ iKdh j?.dbhg f;zx nkgD\/ w[{b Xow tZb w[V nkTA[dk j?. gziK fgnkfonK s’A nzfwqs dh dks gqkgs eodk j?.go dbhg f;zx dk nkgk sk^T[wo B[e; dk f;aeko ofjzdk j?.fJfsjk; B\/ fJ; rZb B{z pkekfJdk doi ehsk j?.go stkohy ftZu jw\/Pk Neokt\/A sZE w”i{d ofjzd\/ jB.i’ fJZe’ t\/b\/ fJZe^d{i\/ d\/ ;Zu B{z oZd eod\/ jB.fJ; bJh n;hA fJfsjk; d\/ fJ; gZy tZb ikD dh b’V wfj;{; BjhA ehsh.T[AM th ;kvh fbys dk e\/Ado fpzd{, T[j fJfsjk; j?, i’ fcabw ftZu fdykfJnk frnk j?.<\/b><\/div>\ndbhg f;zx jkew d\/ Xow B{z nbftdk nky e\/ nkgD\/ r[o{ d\/ Xow B{z XkoB eodk j?. go dbhg f;zx fJ; gVkn T[Zs\/, e’Jh ;ob^gZXo\/ fij\/ sohe\/ Bkb BjhA gj[zudk. T[; d\/ ihtB ftZu spdhbh fpyw g?Avk s?n eoB s’A pknd jh nkTA[dh j?.fJ; bJh, fJZE\/ fJ; spdhbh pko\/ d[pkok sp;ok eoB dh b’V j?. id e’Jh ftukoXkok fe;\/ TZ[s\/ wVQ fdZsh iKdh j? sK T[; d\/ gzi\/ ftZuA’ fBebDk pVk n”yk jz[dk j?.r[bkw jkew dk (Gkt fdyd\/ fujfonK dk) th fto’X eodk j? ns\/ T[; dh ftukoXkok d\/ fyabkca th w’ouk y’bQ fdzdk j?.T[; dk wB tko^tko fsbQedk j? ns\/ jo tko fsbQe e\/ fto’Xh d\/ y\/w\/ ftZu uZfbnk iKdk j?.Gkt d[;awD dh ftukoXkoe feb\/Qpzdh B{z s’VBk ezfvnkbh sko *s\/ g?o XoB tork jz[dk j?. dbhg f;zx Bkb th, fJj ;G eZ[M tkgodk j?.go nzs ftZu, T[j ftukoXkoe febQ\/pzdh B{z GzzB ;Z[Ndk j?.b\/feB dbhg f;zx d\/ fJfsjk; B{z phs\/ dh eEk^ejkDh ;wMDk, tZvh GZ[b d\/ sZ[b j’t\/rk.fJ; B{z nZi d\/ f;Zyh gq;zr Bkb i’Ve\/ d\/yD dh b’V j?.dbhg f;zx d\/ t\/b\/ nzro\/iaK dh p;sh ;h.nZi fJj Gkos dh p;sh pfDnk j’fJnk j?.fJ; w[be ftZu ;fGnkukfoe ok;aNotkd <\/b><\/div>\n(CULTURAL NATIONALISM)<\/p>\n
dk fJ;s\/wkb f;ZyK d\/ fjzd{eoB bJh ehsk ik fojk j?.;zftXkfBe ok;aNotkd <\/b><\/div>\n(CONSTITUTIONAL NATIONALISM)<\/p>\n
th fJ; e[eow ftZu pokpo dh ;aw{bhns eo fojk j?.<\/b><\/div>\nfJj d’t\/A ok;aNotkd (;fGnkukfoe ns\/ ;zftXkfBe), Gkosh ok;aNotkd dh d\/j ns\/ o{j jB.fJj d’t\/A oka;Notkd Gkt\/A tzBrh gZyA’ tZy’^tZyo\/ jB.go f;ZyK fyabkc, fJjBK dh p[fBnkdh ;’u ftZu e’Jh coe BjhA j?.d’B’ fe;w d\/ ok;aNotkd, f;Zy j;sh B{z Gkosh^fjzd{ Xkok ftZu w\/b e\/ fwNk d\/Dk ukjz[d\/ jB.T[AM fJjBK ftueko nkg;h sDkn dh jkbs th pDh ofjzdh j?.i’ fe eJh t\/b\/ Neokn dh ;fEsh ftZu th pdb iKdh j?.go fJj d’t\/A ok;aNotkd, f;Zy e”w dh gSkD d\/ fyabkc nkfg; ftZu tZvh ;fjwsh oZyd\/ jB.dbhg f;zx *s\/ bZfdnk frnk Xow sK ;kca^;kca Biao nk iKdk j?. go ok;aNotkd (yk; eoe\/ ;zftXkfBe ok;aNotkd) d\/ iaohJ\/ ehs\/ ik oj\/ Xow gfotosB B{z, nkw nZy Bkb cV gkT[Dk n;zGt d\/ ;wkB j?, fJ; bJh fJ; w;b\/ B{z pkoheh Bkb ikDBk ns\/ p[ZMDk iao{oh j’ iKdk j?.fJ; s’A nZr\/ fJ; yasoBke tosko\/ dh rfjo^rzGho ftnkfynk eoBk ns\/ fco fJ; ftnkfynk B{z f;Zy wBK dk ;EkJh nzr pDkT[Dk, ;w\/A dh nw’V wzr pD iKdk j?.<\/b><\/div>\nfJbkjh frnkB j\/mkA p?m e\/, ehs\/ rJ\/ fuzsB d\/ pb T[Zs\/ jh T[Zib u\/sBk T[rw ;edh j? iK T[rwh j’Jh u\/sBk ftZu’A nkJh j’Jh, ewia’oh B{z d{o ehsk ik ;edk j?.u\/sBk dh skes, fiZE\/ e”w dh nZvoh j’Ad B{z poeoko oZy\/rh, TZ[E\/ gzE nzdo gqG[;Zsk dh GktBk B{z th I’okto pDkT[D dk ekoi eo\/rh.Gkt fJj u\/sBk e”w B{z jVZg eoB d\/ ;a?skBh wB;{fpnK B{z th wks d\/t\/rh ns\/ T[; nzdo tZyo\/ w[be dh ukjs B{z th pbtkB eo\/rh. nZi dh ukDfenktkdh x\/okpzdh B{z th fJ; okj *s\/ uZb e\/ jh B\/;s’^Bkp{d ehsk ik ;edk j?.<\/b><\/div>\nj[D i\/ tkfg; fcabw dh ejkDh tZb w[fVnk ikt\/ sK n;hA t\/yd\/ jK fe fJZe EK *s\/ dbhg f;zx wfbek fteN’ohnk Bkb r[casr{ eodk j’fJnk nkydk j? fe T[j ;akjh e?dh j?.fteN’ohnk fJedw, T[; dh rZb B{z oZd eodh j’Jh efjzdh j? fe s[jkB{z fJZE\/ rZb eoB dh g{oh yZ[bQ j?. ftukoK dh nkiakdh dk fyankb, pVk Bch; fyankb j?. go ikpo jkew, fJ; Bch; fyankb dh o{j B{z esb eo fdzdk j?.T[j fJ; ftuko B{z i[abw d\/ ;zd *u spdhb eo fdzdk j?.iakbw je{ws fJ; fyankb dk fJ;s\/wkb, r[bkw d\/ wB T[Zs\/ nkgDh ieV B{z pDkJh oZyD bJh eodh j?.jkew ftukoK dh nkiakdh dh rZb eodk j’fJnk, r[bkw d\/ nkb\/^d[nkb\/ fJZe fdZy^nfdZy bhe tkj fdzdk j?. fi; dk we;d r[bkw d\/ ;[gfBnK d\/ n;hw ;z;ko B{z e?d eoBk jz[dk j?.nkw s”o *s\/ ftukoXkoe^e?d G[rs fojk nkdwh iK e”w fJ; Gow ftZu fiTA[d\/ ofjzd\/ jB fe T[j nkiakd jB. fJzM pzd\/ iK e”w dh oki;h nXhBrh B{z ;dhth pDkT[D dh e’f;a;a ehsh iKdh j?. nXhB fXo B{z ;dhth nXhB oZyDk pVk w[;afeb jz[dk j?. nXhB fXo id th ikrdh j? iK ikrDk ;a[o{ eodh j? sK ikpo dk ipo e[jkVk th Bkb jh uZbDk ;[ao{ j’ iKdk j?. fi; dk wB’oE r[bkw B{z d[pkok fgzio\/ tZb XZeDk jz[dk j?.<\/b><\/div>\ndbhg f;zx id nzro\/I je{ws e’b’A y’j\/ j’J\/ ‘yakb;k oki’ dh wzr eodk j? sK T[; dk (fpqfN;a oki dk ) eo{g fujok gqsZy j’ iKdk j?.ftukoK dh ;[szsosk dh d[jkJh d\/D tkbk oki, dbhg f;zx dh rZb tZb ezB XoBk th g;zd BjhA eodk .nzs B{z dbhg f;zx f;ZXh prkts eo fdzdk j?.’dodK tkb\/ d\/;’ [r[bkwh dh ghV B{z jzYk ojh Xosh (gzikp)] B{z ;[szso eotkT[D, T[; d\/ ihtB dk fBPkBk pD iKdk j?.yakb;\/ d\/ d\/;a B{z nkiakd eotkT[D bJh, T[j coK; sA’ jz[dk j’fJnk o{; sZe ik gj[zudk j?.gqG[;Zsk d\/ x’b ftZu, T[j nkgDh g{oh T{oik M’e fdzdk j?.go T[; dh iZd’^ ifjd B{z cb BjhA bZrdk.fpqfN;a je{ws fJ; prkts B{z skes d\/ ia’o Bkb e[ub fdzdh j?. fJZE\/ dbhg f;zx d\/ T[Zdw^T[gokb\/ B{z rj[ Bkb d\/yD dh b’V j?. fJj bVkJh *eZb\/ dbhg f;zx dh BjhA ;h pbfe g{o\/ gzE dh ;h.<\/b><\/div>\nnzro\/Ik\u02c6 B\/ s;aZdd tkb\/ gZy s’A sK e’Jh e’o^e;o BjhA SZvh ;h.go fJ; ;G d\/ pkti{d, f;ZyK d\/ nzdo nkiakdh dh i’s ir ojh ;h.nzro\/iaK d\/ i[abwK dk MZyV th, fJ; i’s B{z p[MkT[D ftZu Bkekw fojk ;h.fJ; d\/ m’; ;p{s fJfsjk; B\/ nkgDh pZ[eb ftZu ;KG e\/ oZy\/ j’J\/ jB.GkJh wjkoki f;zx tZb’A ‘ yakb;k oki ‘ dh w[V ekfJwh bJh ehsk frnk T[gokbk, fJ; rZb dh T[GothA fw;kb j?. fJ; s’A fJbktk dbhg f;zx dh T[dkjoD th, fJ; rZb B{z s;dhe eodh j?.id tb?s s’A dbhg f;zx, oki jkf;b eoB dk ;[B\/jk, f;ZykA tZb Bz{ G\/idk j? sK f;ZyK B{z ukn uVQ iKdk j?.don;b f;Zy dbhg f;zx B{z ‘bkj”o d\/ syas’ dk tko; s;Zto eod\/ ;B .fJ; bJh T[; dh, gzE ftZu w[V ;akfwb j’D dh yapo T[jBK B{z nefj y[;ah pya;adh j?.fJ; d\/ Bkb jh ‘bkj”o d\/ syas’ B{z d[pkok jkf;b eoB dk g?rkw, f;ZyK dhnK T[wzrK B{z BthA ikB d\/ iKdk j?.fco ‘bkj’o d\/ syas’ B{z w[V gqkgs eoB bJh, jo ;zGt :sB nkozG jz[d\/ jB.go fJjBK :sBK B{z p{o BjhA g?Adk feT[Afe y’j\/ j’J\/ oki s[ozs s[jkv\/ nkgD\/ BjhA j’ iKd\/.fJ; dh g[Bo^gqkgsh bJh, efmB ;zxo;a^;kXBk eoBh g?Adh j?.fJj ;zxo;a^;kXBk, eJh tko ;dhnK bzwh th j’ iKdh j?.f;Zy nkgD\/ e”wh oki B{z g[Bo^ ;Ekfgs eoB bJh nZi sZe i{M oj\/ jB.<\/b><\/div>\ndbhg f;zx B\/ th fJ; iZd’^ifjd ftZu nkgDk pDdk :’rdkB gkfJnk j?.ukj\/ T[; dh prkts n;cab ofjzdh j\/?. go oki dh ohM nzfsw gbK sZe, T[; d\/ Bkb ofjzdh j?. T[AM nkyoh T[wo\/, T[; dh ;aya;hns dk s\/i^gqskg nkgDh gfjbkA tkbh nkGk rtk uZ[fenk j[zdk j?.fJ; bJh, T[j nkgD\/ gfotko d\/ dpkn j\/m nk e\/, wfbek d\/ dopko *u wkch dh cfonkd th eodk j?. wfbek ns\/ dbhg f;zx dh w[bkeks th jz[dh j?. ftukoK dk nkdkB^gqdkB jz[dk j?.go fJ; rZbpks dk gZek f;ZNk eh fBebdk j?< fcabw fJ; rZb B{z g{oh soQK y'bQdh BjhA.fcabw fJj ezw do;aeK d\/ fiazw\/ bk e\/ nZr\/ tZX iKdh j?.dbhg f;zx nkgDk nzfsw ;wK coK; ftZu pshs eodk j? ns\/ nzs B{z coK; dh Xosh *s\/ jh nekb ubkDk eo iKdk j?.<\/b><\/div>\nj[D sZe n;hA fbys d\/ nzdo, fcabw d\/ ;ekoswe gZyK B{z, ftnkfynk ;fjs T[GkoB dh e’fPP ehsh j?.go gVu’bthA^fdqPNh fcabw d\/ Bekoswe gfjb{nK tZb, ikD dh th wzr eodh j?.fJ; bJh j[D n;hA nkgDh fbys B{z, fJ; gk;\/ tZb ;\/fXs eoKr\/.fcabw d\/ seBheh gZy dh th nkgDh wjZssk j[zdh j?.go fbys dk we;d fcabw d\/ seBheh gfjb{nK dh g[D^SkD eoBk BjhA j? pbfe fcabweko tZb’A fJfsjk; dh ehsh rJh ftnkfynk dh gVskb eoBk j? ns\/ Bkb dh Bkb ftnkfynk dh nkb’uBkswe ftnkfynk eoBk th j?.<\/b><\/div>\nfcabw d\/ Bekoswe gZy tZb Biao wkod\/ j’J\/, n;hA t\/yd\/ jK fe dbhg f;zx g{oh fizadrh dkVQh esok jh ofjzdk j?. gzikA fgnkfonkA s’A yzv\/ dh gkj[b b?D s’A pknd th, T[; dh dkVQh esoh jh ofjzdh j?.gzikph dh w;aj{o nyapko ‘nihs’ B\/ fgZS\/ fij\/ wjkokik dbhg f;zx dhnK d’ s;thoK SkghnK ;B.nyapko B\/ s;thoK d\/ gqwkfDe j’D dk dkntk th ehsk ;h. fJZe c’N’ ftZu dbhg f;zx w’Bk ;h ns\/ d[{;oh ftZu ;kps^;{os f;Zy ;h.r{rb dk y’i^ fJziD th fijVhnk c’N’nK pkjo eZYdk j?.T[jBK ftZu’A fiankdkso c’N’nkA, dbhg f;zx B{z f;Zyh ;o{g ftZu jh fdykTA[dhnK jB.fijBkA ftZu T[; B\/ dkVQh pzBQh j’Jh j?.go fcabw ftZu o’b fBGk fojk ebkeko (;fszdo ;oski) fes\/ th pzBQh j’Jh dkVQh ftZu BjhA fdydk.nzfwqs SeD s’A gfjbkA dbhg f;zx fe; o{g ftZu ;h < fJ; rZb B{z jkb dh xVh, fJZe gk;\/ oZyDk mhe j't\/rk.nzfwqs SeD s'A pknd dbhg f;zx ;kps^;{os ;h iK BjhA < fJj ;tkb ;kv\/ bJh yak; nfjwhns oZydk j?.i\/ fcabw d\/ ebgBkekoK dh y'i fJj efjzdh j? fe dbhg f;zx nzfwqs SeD sA' pknd th dkVQh eZNdk ;h sK fco T[; dh f;Zy ;aya;hns nkg^w[jko\/ tZv\/ gq;aB fuzBQ d\/ jtkb\/ j' iKdh j?.fJ; d\/ Bkb jh T[; dhnK c'N'nK *s\/ coiah j'D dh Skg bZr iKdh j?.fJ; s'A fJbktk fJ; d\/ fJj noE th bJ\/ ikDr\/ fe fcabweko dbhg f;zx dh ;aya;hns d\/ ewia'o gk;\/ Bz{, fcabw d\/ iaohJ\/ ftykT[D dh e'f;a;a eo fojk j?.go i\/ dbhg f;zx B\/ yzv\/ dh gkj[b b?D sA' pknd dkVQh oZyh j'Jh ;h (fi; dh g[;aNh s;thoK th eodhnK jB ) sK fco fcbw d\/ fBowksk^fBod\/;ae B\/ tZvh rbsh ehsh j?. fJ; d\/ wknB\/ fJj th jB fe fJ; fpzd{ *s\/ ndkeko th nkgDh ebk Bkb, fBnK BjhA eo ;fenk.<\/b><\/div>\nfcabw d\/ nkyoh gb pj[s wjZstg{oB jz[d\/ jB. seohpB jo fJB;kB, fJjBK gbK gqsh yak; fyZu oZydk j?.i\/ fcabw fJfsjk; nXkfos j’t\/ sK fJj fyZu j’o th tZX iKdh j?.fcabw d\/ nyho ftZu do;ae nkgD\/ fyzv\/ j’J\/ fXnkB B{z ;eohB T[Zs\/ e\/Adfos eo fdzdk j? iK e\/Adfos eoB dh e’f;a;a eodk j?.t?;\/ sK swkw fcabw d”okB, do;ae nkgDh yzfvs ;[os B{z, god\/ T[Zs\/ fJekro eodk j’fJnk ftykJh fdzdk j?. ukj\/ fcabw d\/ ;a[o{nksh gbK d”okB fJekrosk xZN jh Gzr jz[dh j?.go e[ZM tes phsD d\/ pknd fXnkB d\/ fyboB ns\/ i[VB dh gqfefonk ;a[o{ j’ iKdh j?.fcabw id nkgD\/ f;yo *s\/ (climax) gjz[udh j? sK do;ae nkgDh fposh B{z fiankdk fJekro eoB dh e’f;a;a eodk j?.fJ; ;koh ftuko^uouk dk ;ko^sZs fJj j? fe jo\/e doPe (xZN iK tZX) wB’ftfrnkfBe^iakps\/ ftZu pZMk jz[dk j? ns\/ fcabw d\/ nkyoh gb jo\/e bJh ft;a\/;a wjZssk oZyd\/ jB. ‘d pb?e fgqaz;’ fcabw th fJ; iakps\/ s’A pkjo BjhA j?.<\/b><\/div>\nfJ; fcabw d\/ nzsb\/ fdq;a ,fcabw dh nkswk B{z X{j e\/ Gkosh^fposKs (INDIAN NARRATIVE) ftZu b? iKd\/ jB.fJT[A fcabw dh nkswk Gkosh^fposKs dh pzdh pD iKdh j?. f;Zy e”w dk tZvk fjZ;k sK gfjbK jh Gkosh^fposKs dk r[bkw pfDnk j’fJnk j?.Gkosh fposKs f;ZyK d\/ jo ;zxo;a (Gkosh ;N\/N d\/ fyabkc ehs\/ rJ\/ ;zxo;a B{z SZv e\/) B{z Gkos Bkb pzBQ fdzdk j?.Gkosgq;s fJfsjk;eko sK r[o^fJfsjk; B{z th fjzd{^Gkos dh nkiakdh Bkb i’V fdzd\/ jB.fJ; s’A fJbktk f;ZyK d\/ 18 thA ns\/ 19 thA ;dh d\/ nwb B{z th fjzd[;skB Bkb BZEh eo fdZsk iKdk j?.fJfsjk; dh fJj ftnkfynk, Gkosh pj[frDsh dh gbhs wkBf;esk *u’A fBebh j?.fi; dk T[d\/;a f;Zy f;XkAs ns\/ ftjko dh w”fbesk B{z Grt\/A ozr ftZu ozrDk j?.p\/;Zae 20 thA ;dh ftZu f;Zy Gkos dh nkiakdh bJh th bV\/ ;B.go fJ; bVkJh ftZu f;ZyK B\/ nkgDh nkiakdh dh T[whd B{z th ;akfwb ehsk j’fJnk ;h.go f;ZyK dh fJj T[whd sK yakp pD e\/ jh ofj rJh.f;ZyK B\/ fJfsjk; d\/ fJ; ekb^yzv (20 thA ;dh *u, Gkos d\/ nkiakdh ;zrokw d”okB) ftZu g{oB gqG[;Zsk d\/ dknt\/ B{z fsnkr fdZsk ;h ns\/ nkgD\/ nkg B{z y[oh j’Jh gqG[;Zsk (ERODED SOVEREIGNTY) sZe ;hfws eo fbnk ;h.f;Zy e”w dk tZvk fjZ;k nZi th y[oh j’Jh gqG;Zsk Bkb uzpfVnk j’fJnk j?.Gkt y[oh j’Jh gqG[;Zsk ftZu :ehB eodk j?.y[oh j’Jh gqG[;Zsk dh jZd y[dw[yfsnkoh (Gkosh^gqG[;Zsk d\/ nXhB gqG[;Zsk) *s\/ ik e\/ wZ[e iKdh j?.t?;\/ Gkosh oki ng{oB^gqG[;Zsk B{z th e?oh nZy Bkb t\/ydk j?.Gkt Gkosh ;N\/N nkgD\/ fposKs d\/ iaohJ\/, nX{oh^gqG[;Zsk (y[oh j’Jh gqG[;Zsk) dh ykfjP B{z th yk ikDk ukj[zdh j?. fJZE\/ 20 thA ;dh d\/ nkyoh djkfenK d”okB uZbh, i[Mko{ bfjo dk, fiaeo eoBk th, fbys dh wzr pD iKdk j?.i[Mko{ bfjo dk fJj jk;b j? fe fJ; B\/ ng{oB^gqG[;Zsk iK eZNh tZYh gqG[;Zsk B{z oZd eod\/ j’J\/, f;ZyK dh g{oB gqG[;Zsk bJh ;zxo;a bfVnk ;h.i[Mko{ bfjo B\/ nkgD\/ nwb d\/ iaohJ\/ Gkosh^fposKs dhnK XZihnK T[vk fdZshnK ;B ns\/ Bkb dh Bkb gzE B{z f;Zy^fposKs (SIKH NARRATIVE) Bkb d[pkok i’VB dk T[gokbk th ehsk ;h. f;Zy^fposKs nB[;ko f;Zy fJZe tZyoh e”w j?. f;ZyK B{z gbsw[yh ns\/ jbsw[yh gqG[sk (SPIRITUAL & TEMPORAL SOVEREIGNTY) dh dks X[o dorkj’A gqkgs j’Jh j?.fJ; bJh f;Zy^gqG[sk nzdo wBwoiah Bkb e’Jh ;’X Bjh\u02c6 ehsh ik ;edh.<\/b><\/div>\ngo f;Zy jkb\/ th (f;ZyK d\/ fJZe S’N\/ tor B{z SZv e\/) Gkosh ftuko^u”yN\/ d\/ nzdo jh x[zw oj\/ jB.i\/ f;ZyK dh fJ; ;fEsh d\/ fgZS\/, ezw eod\/ ekoB dh, x’y eoB fBebhJ\/ sK n;hA t\/yd\/ jK fe f;Zy 100 ;kbK s’A T[Zgo dk ;wK,fJ; ftuko^u”yN\/ nXhB r[iako u[Ze\/ jB ns\/ r[iako oj\/ jB.fJ; bJh xNBktK ns\/ toskfonkA B{z d\/yD^goyD bJh, T[j pj[s eoe\/ Gkosh^fdq;aNh dk jh ;jkok b?Ad\/ jB.go fJ; d\/ fJj noE BjhA jB fe T[jBK (f;ZyK) B\/ nkgDh w”fbe fdq;aNh B{z g{oh soQkA rtk fbnk j?. go Gkosh fdq;aNh f;Zy ;{M B{z p[oh soQkA Bkb gqGkfts Io{o eo ojh j?.fJ; fdq;aNh s’A w[esh gqkgs eoB bJh, i[Mko{ bfjo dh ftukoXkoe ftok;s B{z gSkBDk, ;wMDk, T[GkoBk ns\/ ;Ekfgs eoBk bkiawh j’ iKdk j?. fJ; ftok;s dk ;a[ZX fjZ;k (bfjo dk nfjw ns\/ gqqXkB fjZ;k) e”w B{z,f;Zy w”fbesk d\/ do;aB eokT[D dh ekpbhns oZydk j?.<\/b><\/div>\nf;Zy w”fbesk B\/ f;Zy^fposKs dh f;oiDk ehsh j?. f;Zy fJfsjk; dh ftnkfynk th f;Zy^ fposKs dh b’n *u jh j’Dh ukjhdh j?.go ‘d pb?e fgzq; ‘ fcabw f;Zy^fposKs dh b’n EZb\/ uZbdh^uZbdh nzs B{z Gkosh^fposKs d\/ xZ[g jB\/Qo\/ ftZu uZZbh iKdh j?.dbhg f;zx dh G{fwek fBGkn fojk ebkeko, idA’ nkyoh gbK ftZu nkgD\/ w{zj *u’A fJj ;apd eZYdk j? fe f;Zy fjzd[;skB *u’A nzro\/iakA B{z pkjo eZY d\/Dr\/ sK fJ; d\/ Bkb jh (iK s[ozs pknd ) fcabw dk ;{soXko Gkos dh nkiakdh dk n?bkBBkwk th gVQ wkodk j?.fJT[A 1947 dh fjzd{^ nkIkdh B{z f;Zy^ nkIkdh ftZu gbN fdZsk iKdk j?.fcabw dk fJj ;hB, (f;Zy) e”w d\/ nkIkdh d\/ ;[gB\/ B{z, Gkos dh ;[szsosk Bkb w\/b fdzdk j?.fJZE\/ ‘yakb;k oki’ d\/ yakp B{z ‘ Gkosh oki ‘ ftZu iiap eok fdZsk iKdk j?.<\/b><\/div>\nj[D n;hA fJ; rZb B{z fJZe j’o IkthJ\/ s’A ;wMD dh e’f;a;a eod\/ jK.fJ; rZb ftZu e’Jh d’oktK BjhA jB fe T[; t\/b\/ ‘yakb;k oki’ B{z d[pkok ti{d ftZu fbnkT[D bJh nzro\/iaK B{z jokT[Dk iao{oh ;h.go fcabw d\/ ebgBkeko fJZE\/ GZ[b rJ\/ iK T[jBK B\/ fJj G[bk d\/Dk jh uzrk ;wfMnk fe fJfsjk; dk ;pzX f;oca nshs Bkb BjhA jz[dk pbfe ;pzfXs e”w d\/ toswkB ns\/ GftZy Bkb th, fJj nfByVt\/A o{g ftZu i[fVnk jz[dk j?.:kBhfe fJfsjk; dh ftnkfynk e”w d\/ toswkB ns\/ GftZy B{z th gqGkfts eodh j?.i\/ fJ; B{z j’o do[;s sohe\/ Bkb fejk ikt\/ sK efj ;ed\/ jk fe fJfsjk; dh ftnkfynk ;pzfXs e”w d\/ toswkB ns\/ GftZy B{z f;oca gqGkfts jh BjhA eodh pbfe T[; B{z xVB ftZu th nfjw G{fwek ndk eodh j?.fcabw fJfsjk; dk noE^fBog{oD (INTERPRETATION) eo ojh ;h.y[Z;\/ j’J\/ oki dh pks gk ojh ;h.fJ; bJh fBowksk^fBod\/;ae B{z f;ZyK dh ni’eh ;fEsh dk g?o^g?o *s\/ f\\nkb oZyDk ukjhdk ;h.f;Zy Gkos ftZu r[bkw jB.T[jBK dk ‘d\/;’ Gkos d\/ epia\/ nXhB j? fJ; ;Zu B{z fcabw *u uzrh soQkA o\/ykAfes (UNDERLINE) eoBk ukjhdk ;h.go fcabw d\/ ;wkgsh^fdq;a ejkDh B{z g[Zmh fdPk tZb b? iKd\/ jB. fJZE\/ f;Zy oki dh shpo sKx dk GkoshekoB eo fdZsk iKdk j?.<\/b><\/div>\nn;hA fbys B{z nZr\/ s’oB s’A gfjbK, fJZE\/ fJZe j’o B[es\/ B{z ftukoBk ukjz[d\/ jK .fJ; dk ;pzX fcabw d\/ fBowksk ns\/ fBod\/;ae dhnK n”eVkA Bkb j?.fJZe fJfsjk; nXkfos fcabw B{z pDkT[D bJh, fJfsjk; dh y’i s’A b? e\/ fcabw dh fobhia sZe, T[jBkA (fBowksk^fBod\/;ae) B{z eJh w[;afebkA dk ;kjwDk eoBk g?Adk j?. ‘ d pb?e fgzq; ‘ fcabw th N\/Y\/^w\/Y\/ okjkA *s\/ uZb e\/ fsnko j’Jh j’t\/rh, fJ; rZb pko\/ ;kB{z e’Jh Pzek BjhA j?.fcabw d\/ fBowksk ns\/ fBod\/Pe, fJ; ;pzXh th fuzss j’Dr\/ fe fcabw B{z Gkos nzdo uZbD fdZsk ikt\/rk fe BjhA feT[Afe Gkosh ;N\/N f;Zy^gqG[;Zsk d\/ ftuko Bkb t?o^Gkt oZydh j?.fJj tes T[jBK d\/ eoV\/ fJwfsjkB dk ;h.fJ; EK *s\/ (fcabw d\/ f;yo *s\/) fcabweko B{z fJj’ fij\/ ;apdK dh u’D eoBh ukjhdh ;h ns\/ fJ; d\/ Bkb jh ;hB B{z th nfij\/ f;bf;b\/ u g\/P eoBk ukjhdk ;h fe fi; Bkb fcabw dh nkswk B{z e’Jh iop Bk tZidh. Gkt T[; dh nkswk nyho sZe ;bkws ofjzdh.go fcabw B{z pDkT[D tkb\/, fJ; ;EkB *s\/ (nyho *u) gj[zue\/ ;wM”sktkdh gqftosh d\/ fPeko j’ iKd\/ jB.fcabw f;Zy oki dh rZb eodh j’Jh, Gkosh oki dh PoB ftZu uZbh iKdh j?.<\/b><\/div>\ni\/ uzd e[ fwzNK bJh ,dbhg f;zx d\/ nkyoh p’bK B{z,sZE nXkfos th wzB fbnk ikt\/.sd th fJjBK p’bK B{z ;theko eoB n;zGt j? feT[Afe fJj p’b f;Zy^gqG[Z;sk B{z Gkosh^gqG[;Zsk *u ob^rZv eo fdzd\/ jB.ofjzdh ^;fjzdh e;o ;{soXko d\/ w[ZYb\/ nbcakia eZY fdzd\/ jB .i’ f;ZyK B{z Gkosh^gqG[;Zsk d\/ jtkb\/ eoB bZfrnk G’ok th d\/o BjhA bkT[Ad\/ . fJ; s’A pknd f;B\/wk d\/ god\/ T[Zs\/ nk ojhnK ;soK ,;{uBk wkso pD e\/ ofj iKdhnK jB feT[Afe f;ZyK dh nkIkdh dk n?bkB sK fcabw gfjbK jh eo u[Zeh j[zdh j?. j[D fJ; yzv ftZu ehs\/ rJ\/ ftPb\/PD B{z ,n;hA pj[s jh ;zy\/g bcaIK ftZu pzBQD dk :sB eoKr\/ . ;’ ,i\/ dbhg f;zx tZb’A ej\/ rJ\/ nbcakia stkohyh^;Zu jB sK fJjBK B{z fJ; sohe\/ Bkb b’eK dh BIo eoBk ukjhdk ;h fe fJ; Bkb e”w dh gqG[;Zsk jkf;b eoB dh ;ZXo B{z MohN sZe Bk gj[zudh . go fcabw gzE dh f;nk;h iZd’^ifjd Bz{ Gkos dh gqG[sk okjhA gqtkB uVQdk ftyk fdzdh j?.<\/b><\/div>\nj[D sZe n;hA nkgDh ;woZEk nB[;ko,fcabw dh bzwh f;XKse ;whfynk, eo nkJ\/ jK.fJ; ;whfynk dh p[fBnkd s\/ n;hA fJj nky ;ed\/ jK fe fcabw doPeK B{z ;Zio\/ sZEK s’A ikD{ eotkT[Adh j? ns\/ fJfsjk; dhnK eJh wjhB gosK B{z th S{jdh j?. fJ; d\/ Bkb jh oki d\/ iIp\/ B{z th (tesh s”o *s\/ ) irkT[Adh j?.go iIfpnK dk fJj dfonk,nzs B{z Gkosh Xkok ftZu ik e\/ ;wk iKdk j?.<\/b><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The Black Prince – History out of tomb brings to you a closer view to the history of last heir to mighty throne of Punjab ‘ d pb?e fgqz; ‘ epo’A T[Zfmnk fJfsjk; -gqGi’s f;zx (94655- 89440) fJfsjk; dh ftnkfynk B{z fJfsjk;ekoK dk e;p ;wfMnk iKdk j?.go fJfsjk; dh ftnkfynk f;oca s\/ f;oca fJfsjk;eko sZe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3146,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[6,7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3178"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3178"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3183,"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3178\/revisions\/3183"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3146"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n(94655- 89440)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\ndbhg f;zx T[Zs\/ nzro\/ia je{ws B\/ nzsK dk efjo toskfJnk ;h. yakb;k oki dk tko; j’D eoe\/, dbhg f;zx pkb T[wo\/ jh nzro\/iaK d\/ fB;akB\/ ‘s\/ nk frnk ;h.dbhg f;zx B{z ipoh, T[; dh wK (wjkokDh fizdK) s’A nbfjdk eo fdZsk frnk,T[; dh pkd;akjs B{z yasw eoe\/, yakb;k oki B{z fcozrh ;kwoki ftZu ;akfwb eo fbnk frnk ;h.go nzro\/iah ia[bw dk e[uZeo, fJZE\/ jh ;wkgs BjhA jz[dk.ia[bw dh fJzsjk sK T[d’A jz[dh j?, id’A T[; dk Xow spdhb eo fdZsk iKdk j?.nzro\/ia pkb wjkoki\/ d\/ nkb\/^d[nkb\/, ;a?skBh GktBk Bkb, Jh;kJhns dk ikD p[De\/, nkfyo T[; e’bA’ nsZ[b f;Zyh B{z y’j b?Ad\/ jB.go dbhg f;zx d\/ ntu\/sB ftZu’A, T[j f;Zyh B{z rkfJp eoB ftZu Bkekw:kp ofjzd\/ jB.fcabw;aki B\/ dbhg f;zx d\/ wB dh fJ; gos B{z pV\/ jh ebkswe nzdkia ftZu g\/;a ehsk j?.froik xo ftZu jkiaoh GoB rJ\/ dbhg f;zx B{z id fJj fejk iKdk j? fe Jh;k d\/ xo ftZu pVk ;e{B fwbdk j? sK T[j fJ; rZb s\/ pVk mzvk fijk gqsheow fdzdk j? .gqsheow d\/D t\/b\/ th T[; dh ‘ jK ‘ ftZu, T[; dh o{j ;akfwb BjhA jz[dh.i\/ ;akfwb th jz[dh j? sK fJj f;oca T[; dk nz;ae o{g jh j[zdk j?.vkH i “jB b’frB Bkb th, T[j froik xo ftZu, p[M\/ fij\/ wB Bkb jh p?mk jz[dk j?.don;b froik xo ftZu, T[j jw\/;ak T[dk; fijk jh Biao nkT[Adk j?. nkgD\/ ftnkj t\/b\/, ukj\/ T[j froik xo ftZu y[;a ftykJh fdzdk j?.go fJ; B{z Jh;kJhns gqsh nEkj fgnko dh fB;akBh BjhA fejk ik ;edk.fJj sK T[; d\/ ftnkj dk ukn j?.i’ T[; d\/ r[bkp tKr{ fyV\/ fujo\/ s’A Biao fojk j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
r[bkwh pzd\/ iK pzfdnK d\/ ;w{j (e”w) dk eh j;ao eodh j?? < fJ; B{z dbhg f;zx d\/ feodko okjhA ;fji\/ jh d\/fynk ns\/ ;wfMnk ik ;edk j?. nkgD\/ Xow ns\/ oki B{z rtkT[D sA’ pknd, id dbhg f;zx nkgDh wK ‘wjkokDh fizdK ‘ B{z fwbD dh ykfj;a ikfjo eodk j? sK vkH b’frB T[; dh ykfj;a B{z wkoB bJh ;” e[soe fdzdk j?.pZu\/ dh nkgDh wK B{z fwbD dh ukjs pVh e[dosh jz[dh j?.fJj T[; dk g?dkfJ;ah jZe j?.go nzro\/ia dbhg f;zx B{z fJ; jZe sA’ tKMk oZyDk ukjz[d\/ ;B.fi; eZ[y ‘u’A pZuk iBw b?Adk j?, T[; Bkb T[; dh w’j Goh ;KM B{z iiafpnK d\/ gZXo ‘ s\/ jh ;wfMnk ik ;edk j?.fJ; iiap\/ s’A nzro\/ia Bk^tkfeca BjhA ;B pbfe T[j fJ; sA’ Gbh^GKs ikD{ ;B.go wjkokDh fizdK dh ;aya;hns sA’ r’o\/ G?n yKd\/ ;B.wK^gZ[s dh fwbDh B{z, T[j e\/tb f;nk;h Biao sA’ jh d\/y oj\/ ;B.w[bkeks d\/ iiapksh gfjb{ tZb , T[jBK B\/ ikD^pZ[M e\/ nZyK whN bJhnK ;B.TZ[usw ;fGnksk d\/ nbzpodko ejkT[D tkb\/ nzro\/iaK dk fJj fJybkeh coia pDdk ;h fe T[j wK^gZ[s dh fwbDh ftZu e’Jh nfVZek yVk Bk eod\/.go T[jBK B\/ d’tK dh w[bkeks B{z o’eD bJh g{oh tkj bk fdZsh ;h.go dbhg f;zx nkgDh wK B{z fwbD dh fdqVk fJZSk oZydk ;h.;’, nkfyo ‘ r[bkw wjkoki\/ ‘ B{z , nzro\/I oki;h wkg^s’b eoB s’A pknd, nkgDh wK B{z fwbD dh fJikias d\/ fdzd\/ jB. fcabw d\/ fJj fdq;a do;ae B{z, fJ; rZb s’A pky{ph ikD{ eotk iKd\/ jB fe r[bkwh fJzBh e[bfjDh jz[dh j? fe fJZe pZu\/ B{z nkgDh wK B{z fwbD bJh th jkew s’A nkfrnk b?Dh g?Adh j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
dbhg f;zx id nkgDh wK B{z fwbD bJh ebeZs\/ gjz[udk j? sK fpqfN;a je{ws tZbA’ xV\/ rJ\/ ‘ fJzvhnk ‘ (tZy^tZy ;[szso okiK T[Zs\/ epiak eoe\/ pDkfJnk frnk oki) d\/ rtoBb iBob ( bkov e?fBzr) tZbA’, T[; dk pDkT[Nh fijk ;tkrs jz[dk j?.e?\/fBzr dbhg f;zx nZr\/ ;fseko dk fdyktk eodk ns\/ T[; B{z Xweh Go\/ bfji\/ ftZu efjzdk j? fe s[;hA fJE\/ T[j jh eo’, i’ eoB nkJ\/ j’.s[jkvh fyadws eoBk, ;kvh y[;afe;wsh j’trh.e?fBzr fJjBK bcaiaK okjhA dbhg f;zx B{z, fe;\/ f;nk;h ;orowh s’A goQ\/ ofjD dh skVBk eodk j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
dbhg f;zx id nkgDh wK d\/ ;Bw[y yVk jz[dk j? sK wK nkgDh X[zdbh j’ uZ[eh fBrkj Bkb, T[; tZb sZedh j?.fcabw dk fJj ;hB fJZe’ tko ‘u fezBk e[ZM efj iKdk j?.wjkokDh fizd e”o fJZe c’bkdh n”os ;h.r[o{ eh f;ZyDh d\/ b’j^ fJokd\/, fJ; ;hB ftZu gqsZy s”o ‘s\/ B;ao j’ iKd\/ jB. fcabw;aki fJj ftykT[D ftZu ;cab fojk j? fe Gkt\/A wjkokDh fizdK dh pkjoh Biao pVh ewi’ao g? uZ[eh ;h. go T[; dh nzdo{Bh Biao (d{o^fdq;aNh) gfjbK tKr{ ekfJw ;h.t?;\/ wjkokDh d\/ feodko ftZu j’o th ikB gkJh ik ;edh ;h,go w”i{dk feodko th T[; dh ;aya;hns Bkb ekcah jZd sZe, fJB;kca eoB ftZu ekw:kp fojk j?.fJZe f;Zyh wjkokDh bJh nkgD\/ gZ[s d\/ eZN\/ j’J\/ e\/;K B{z d\/yDk fezBk n”yk ;h < T[j fJ; fdq;a ftZu b'eK dh Biao ehsk frnk j?.g[Zs d\/ fJ;kJh pDB ekoB, T[; dk nzdo uhfonk iKdk j?.go T[j fco th nkgDh sebhca B{z g{oh soQK pkjo BjhA nkT[D fdzdh feT[Afe T[j ikDdh j? fe dbhg f;zx B{z f;Zyh ftZu tkfg; fbnkT[Dk e'Jh ;\"yk ekoi BjhA j?.T[j pV\/ jh ;ziw Go\/ Yzr Bkb dbhg f;zx B{z efjzdh j? fe T[jBK b'eK (nzro\/iaK) B\/ s?B{z fezBk pdb fdZsk j?. fit\/A^fitA\/ fcabw dh ohb dk uZeo nZr\/ tZXdk j?, wjkokDh nkgD\/ gZ[s d\/ nzdoA' fYZbhnK g? uZ[ehnK,f;Zy^sozrK B{z,wiap{s eoB dk :sB eodh j'Jh, fdykJh fdzdh j?.wjkokDh id dbhg f;zx e'b'A fJzrb?Av ns\/ fJzrb?Av tk;hnK pko\/ g[ZSdh j? sK dbhg f;zx T[jBK dh wjK^sohca ;a[o{ eo fdzdk j?.T[j wfbek fteN'ohnk d\/ r'o\/ ozr B{z th ;bkj[dk j?. go wjkokDh fizdK fteN'ohnk d\/ r'o\/ ozr B{z e'Jh yak; nfjwhns BjhA fdzdh. fizdK efjzdh j? fe T[j r'oh sK j'Dh j?, go ;'jDh BjhA j'Dh.t?;\/ sK ;wki, r'o\/ ozr B{z ;[BZy\/ j'D dk g[yask ;p{s wzBdk j?.go wjkokDh fJ; wkgdzv B{z oZd eo fdzdh j?.T[AM wjkokDh dk wkgdzv,nkw fiazdrh ftZu th eJh irQk *s\/ yok T[sodk j?. go fizd e\"o dh fJ; gjz[u d\/ nkw wknB\/ BjhA jB. wjkokDh fizd e\"o dh, fJj gj[zu nkgD\/ nzdo r{VQ\/ noEK B{z ;w'Jh p\/?mh j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
fJZE\/ wjkokDh dk we;d nkgDh ;[zdosk B{z tfvnkT[Dk BjhA j?. T[AM fJZe ;hwk sZe, fJ; rZb T[Zs\/ ;jh th gkJh ik ;edh j?. go fJ; B{z g{oh soQK Bkb do[;s BjhA mfjokfJnk ik ;edk.wjkokDh dh fdq;aNh fJZE\/ fBZi s’A nZr\/ fBebh j’Jh j?.T[; dh fBrkj ftZu gzikp dk ;[jZgD, fJzrb?Av dh ;[zdosk Bkb’A feZs\/ tZvk j?.fJZE\/ w;bk fi;wkBh ;[zdosk dk BjhA j?.pbfe gzikp dh T[Zswsk dk j?.wfbek fteN’ohnk f;oca fJZe n”os BjhA j?.T[j fJZE\/ fpqfNP ;kwoki dh gqshfBZX j?.don;b wjkokDh fizdK, fJZE\/ fteN’ohnk dh ;z[dosk *s\/ ;tkbhnk fuzBQ brk e\/, nzro\/iaK d\/ wB dh ekby B{z, ;fji^;[Gn jh T[ikro eo iKdh j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
gzikp dh T[Zswsk dk nfj;k; fJj do;kT[Adk j? fe Gkt\/A gzikp dh okiBhfse gqG[;Zsk yasw j’ uZ[eh j?.go wjkokDh d\/ fiajB nzdo gqG[;Zsk dk fyankb jkb\/ th g{oh soQK ;kps fgnk j\/?.id dbhg f;zx T[; nZr\/ pV\/ wkD Bkb efjzdk j? fe wfbek fteN’ohnk, T[; B{z ‘ fgqz; ‘ efjzdh j? sK wjkokDh fizdK T[; dh w[oMk uZ[eh u\/sBk B{z ;o;pia eodh j’Jh nkydh j? fe r’o\/ s\/o\/ Bkb co\/p eo oj\/ jB.s{z ‘ fgzq; ‘ BjhA, ‘ wjkokik ‘ j?.fteN’ohnk B\/ s\/ok o[spk xNk e\/ ‘ fgqz; ‘ eo fdZsk j?.T[j s\/o\/ nzdo ‘ wjkoki\/ ‘ d\/ nfj;k; B{z itkB BjhA j’D d\/Dk ukjz[dh. fJ; bJh T[; B\/ s?B{z ‘ fgqz; ‘ dk doik fdZsk j’fJnk j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
wjkokDh fizd e”o fJzrb?v ftZu th nkgD\/ T[Zswsk d\/ nfj;k; B{z wZXw BjhA g?D fdzdh.T[; dh T[Zswsk dh GktBk jzeko dh d\/D BjhA j? pbfe fJj sK T[; d\/ ;t?wkD dk gqrNktk j?.fJj ;t?wkD, T[; dh ;t?^T[gi BjhA j? pbfe fJj sK r[o{ gkfs;akj dh fJbkjh dks j?.wjkokDh nkgD\/ gZ[s B{z fJ; fJbkjh dks d\/ nZr\/ Bsw;se j’D dh, brksko g\/qoDk fdzdh ofjzdh j?. nkgDh fJ; e’f;a;a ftZu, T[j e’Jh ftxB BjhA g?D fdzdh.go T[; dh f;js brksko fvZrdh ofjzdh j?.w”s d\/ B\/V\/ Y[Zeh wjkokDh, nkgD\/ nksw^ft;atk; ftZu, fe;\/ soQK dh ewh BjhA nkT[D fdzdh.eJh do;aeK B{z T[; dh w”s d\/ bkr\/ dk ;wK T[dk;h Gfonk bZfrnk j? iK bZr ;edk j?.go nfijk ;’uD tkb\/ b’e, wjkokDh dh nzso^nkswk dh nktkia B{z, ;[DB ftZu n;woZE oj\/ jB.T[; d\/ Xhw\/ p’bK B{z Yfjdh ebk efjDk w{b’A jh rbs j’t\/rk.T[; d\/ Xhw\/ p’b T[; dh ;ohoe ewi’aoh B{z ikfjo eod\/ jB Bkfe T[; dh wkBf;e fBopbsk B{z. T[; dh fuzsk fusk ;wkB BjhA j? pbfe fJj sK T[; dh u\/sBsk d\/ gotkj B{z jh g\/;a eodh j?.Gkt nkyoh ;w\/A th T[; dh ;’u iVsk dh jkbs ftZu BjhA ;h.T[; nzdo gfjbK tkbh ‘ fizd e”o’ jkb\/ th fiT{Adh ;h. i’ dbhg f;zx d\/ f;Zy ntu\/sB B{z, c’s j’D sZe th gqGkfts eodh ofjzdh j?. wjkokDh dh ;[jps ftZu dbhg f;zx B{z ‘n;bh oDihs f;zx ‘ d\/ do;aB th j’ iKd\/ jB. i’ jw\/;ak ‘yakb;k gzE ‘ nZr\/ itkpd\/j ofjzdk ;h.Gkt T[; bJh, i\/ e[ZM ;[gohw ;h sK T[j r[o{ ek gzE ;h.fi; dh uVQsb B{z ;Ekfgs ns\/ ekfJw oZyD bJh, T[j swkw T[wo i{Mdk fojk.fcabw ngDh ;hwk ns\/ ;woZEk w[skfpe ‘n;bh oDihs f;zx ‘ d\/ ne; B{z T[xkVB dk g{ok :sB eodh j?. ni’e\/ d”o ftZu fJ; rZb dh wjZssk j’o th tZX iKdh j? feT[Afe gzE fto’Xh b’e wjkokik oDihs f;zx B{z rbs noEK ftZu g\/;a eo oj\/ jB. fJ; esko ftZu eZ[M nbg^pZ[Xh tkb\/ f;Zy th Pkfwb jB.i’ nkJ\/ fdB oDihs f;zx dh feodkoe[;ah eod\/ ofjzd\/ jB .t?;\/ sK fJj toskok fuoK sA’ ikoh j?. go ;wK phsFD Bkb fJj gZ[mh fposh j’o I’o cVdh ik ojh j?. oDihs f;zx dh fBzfdnk eoB tkb\/ e[ZM ftnesh sK fJfsjk; d\/ ;[Gkn s’A nDikD jB.go pj[s\/ ftnesh g{o\/ j’;a’ ^jtk;a ftZu, f;Zy fJfsjk; B{z w?bk eoB dk Bkgke :sB eo oj\/ jB.fJfsjk; nzdo id th wjKBkfJe T[sodk j? sK T[j ewia’ohnk sA’ w[es BjhA jz[dk.T[; dk stkohyh^nwb p\/fw;kb jz[dk j?. go T[; dh gotkI ftZu ewia’ohnK ftxB th gkT[AdhnK jB.;{MtkB b\/ye wjKBkfJe dhnK tZv^nekoh gqkgshnK B{z e\/Ado ftZu oZy e\/, T[; dh j;sh dh ftnkfynk eod\/ jB.fJ; soia dh fJfsjk;ekoh ftZu f;cas^Gog{o Pya;hns dhnK ewhnK B{z ezY\/ *s\/ oZfynk iKdk j? ns\/ fJjBK ewhnK dh :Ek^;zGt nkb’uBk th ehsh iKdh j?. id fe wjKBkfJe d\/ fyabkca fbyD tkb\/ b’eK dk nwb fpbe[b T[bN fe;w dk jz[dk j?.fJj b\/ye tZvh j;sh d\/ B[e;kA B{z sK f;zarko e\/ g\/;a eod\/ jB, go T[; dh B\/e ewkJh B{z jk;ahJ\/ tZb XZe fdzd\/ jB. fJ; sohe\/ dk fJ;s\/wkb, oDihs f;zx d\/ ufoZsoxkD bJh j’ fojk j?. fcabw ‘;a\/o\/^J\/^gzikp’ d\/ fBzdeK B{z wke{b itkp d\/D dh e’f;a;a eodh j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
fcabw dbhg f;zx d\/ ihtB^fJfsjk; dk y[Pe t\/otk g\/;a BjhA eodh pbfe T[; dh wB’;fEsh B{z nbZr^nbZr e’DK s’A fpnkB eoB dk :sB eodh j?.wjkokDh fizdK dh w”s s’A pknd dbhg f;zx nkgDh gSkD dh Gkb ftZu fBeb g?Adk j?. t?;\/ sK T[; d\/ nzdo gSkD dk ;tkb, fes\/ Bk fes\/ gfjbK jh w”i{d jz[dk j?\/. go wK Bkb fwbkg s’A pknd, fJj shyD o{g XkoB eo iKdk j?.r[Iod\/ ;w\/A Bkb fJ; dh Xko j’o th fsZyh j’ iKdh j?.dbhg f;zx p\/u?B j’ iKdk j?.T[; dk wB sK T[; d\/ f;Zy j’D dh ;ajkds Godk j?.go fdwkr T[; B{z Jh;kJh do;kT\u02c6[D *s\/ pfiaZd ofjzdk j?.fJZe bzwh e;awe;a d\/ pknd, T[; *s\/ E’gh j’Jh Jh;kJhns YZm iKdh j? ns\/ fJ; d\/ Bkb jh, T[; d\/ nu\/s^wB *u ;EkJh jkiaoh oZyD tkbh f;Zyh, u\/sB o{g ftZu gqrN j’ iKdh j?.dbhg f;zx nkgD\/ w[{b Xow tZb w[V nkTA[dk j?. gziK fgnkfonK s’A nzfwqs dh dks gqkgs eodk j?.go dbhg f;zx dk nkgk sk^T[wo B[e; dk f;aeko ofjzdk j?.fJfsjk; B\/ fJ; rZb B{z pkekfJdk doi ehsk j?.go stkohy ftZu jw\/Pk Neokt\/A sZE w”i{d ofjzd\/ jB.i’ fJZe’ t\/b\/ fJZe^d{i\/ d\/ ;Zu B{z oZd eod\/ jB.fJ; bJh n;hA fJfsjk; d\/ fJ; gZy tZb ikD dh b’V wfj;{; BjhA ehsh.T[AM th ;kvh fbys dk e\/Ado fpzd{, T[j fJfsjk; j?, i’ fcabw ftZu fdykfJnk frnk j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
dbhg f;zx jkew d\/ Xow B{z nbftdk nky e\/ nkgD\/ r[o{ d\/ Xow B{z XkoB eodk j?. go dbhg f;zx fJ; gVkn T[Zs\/, e’Jh ;ob^gZXo\/ fij\/ sohe\/ Bkb BjhA gj[zudk. T[; d\/ ihtB ftZu spdhbh fpyw g?Avk s?n eoB s’A pknd jh nkTA[dh j?.fJ; bJh, fJZE\/ fJ; spdhbh pko\/ d[pkok sp;ok eoB dh b’V j?. id e’Jh ftukoXkok fe;\/ TZ[s\/ wVQ fdZsh iKdh j? sK T[; d\/ gzi\/ ftZuA’ fBebDk pVk n”yk jz[dk j?.r[bkw jkew dk (Gkt fdyd\/ fujfonK dk) th fto’X eodk j? ns\/ T[; dh ftukoXkok d\/ fyabkca th w’ouk y’bQ fdzdk j?.T[; dk wB tko^tko fsbQedk j? ns\/ jo tko fsbQe e\/ fto’Xh d\/ y\/w\/ ftZu uZfbnk iKdk j?.Gkt d[;awD dh ftukoXkoe feb\/Qpzdh B{z s’VBk ezfvnkbh sko *s\/ g?o XoB tork jz[dk j?. dbhg f;zx Bkb th, fJj ;G eZ[M tkgodk j?.go nzs ftZu, T[j ftukoXkoe febQ\/pzdh B{z GzzB ;Z[Ndk j?.b\/feB dbhg f;zx d\/ fJfsjk; B{z phs\/ dh eEk^ejkDh ;wMDk, tZvh GZ[b d\/ sZ[b j’t\/rk.fJ; B{z nZi d\/ f;Zyh gq;zr Bkb i’Ve\/ d\/yD dh b’V j?.dbhg f;zx d\/ t\/b\/ nzro\/iaK dh p;sh ;h.nZi fJj Gkos dh p;sh pfDnk j’fJnk j?.fJ; w[be ftZu ;fGnkukfoe ok;aNotkd <\/b><\/div>\n
(CULTURAL NATIONALISM)<\/p>\n
dk fJ;s\/wkb f;ZyK d\/ fjzd{eoB bJh ehsk ik fojk j?.;zftXkfBe ok;aNotkd <\/b><\/div>\n
(CONSTITUTIONAL NATIONALISM)<\/p>\n
th fJ; e[eow ftZu pokpo dh ;aw{bhns eo fojk j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
fJj d’t\/A ok;aNotkd (;fGnkukfoe ns\/ ;zftXkfBe), Gkosh ok;aNotkd dh d\/j ns\/ o{j jB.fJj d’t\/A oka;Notkd Gkt\/A tzBrh gZyA’ tZy’^tZyo\/ jB.go f;ZyK fyabkc, fJjBK dh p[fBnkdh ;’u ftZu e’Jh coe BjhA j?.d’B’ fe;w d\/ ok;aNotkd, f;Zy j;sh B{z Gkosh^fjzd{ Xkok ftZu w\/b e\/ fwNk d\/Dk ukjz[d\/ jB.T[AM fJjBK ftueko nkg;h sDkn dh jkbs th pDh ofjzdh j?.i’ fe eJh t\/b\/ Neokn dh ;fEsh ftZu th pdb iKdh j?.go fJj d’t\/A ok;aNotkd, f;Zy e”w dh gSkD d\/ fyabkc nkfg; ftZu tZvh ;fjwsh oZyd\/ jB.dbhg f;zx *s\/ bZfdnk frnk Xow sK ;kca^;kca Biao nk iKdk j?. go ok;aNotkd (yk; eoe\/ ;zftXkfBe ok;aNotkd) d\/ iaohJ\/ ehs\/ ik oj\/ Xow gfotosB B{z, nkw nZy Bkb cV gkT[Dk n;zGt d\/ ;wkB j?, fJ; bJh fJ; w;b\/ B{z pkoheh Bkb ikDBk ns\/ p[ZMDk iao{oh j’ iKdk j?.fJ; s’A nZr\/ fJ; yasoBke tosko\/ dh rfjo^rzGho ftnkfynk eoBk ns\/ fco fJ; ftnkfynk B{z f;Zy wBK dk ;EkJh nzr pDkT[Dk, ;w\/A dh nw’V wzr pD iKdk j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
fJbkjh frnkB j\/mkA p?m e\/, ehs\/ rJ\/ fuzsB d\/ pb T[Zs\/ jh T[Zib u\/sBk T[rw ;edh j? iK T[rwh j’Jh u\/sBk ftZu’A nkJh j’Jh, ewia’oh B{z d{o ehsk ik ;edk j?.u\/sBk dh skes, fiZE\/ e”w dh nZvoh j’Ad B{z poeoko oZy\/rh, TZ[E\/ gzE nzdo gqG[;Zsk dh GktBk B{z th I’okto pDkT[D dk ekoi eo\/rh.Gkt fJj u\/sBk e”w B{z jVZg eoB d\/ ;a?skBh wB;{fpnK B{z th wks d\/t\/rh ns\/ T[; nzdo tZyo\/ w[be dh ukjs B{z th pbtkB eo\/rh. nZi dh ukDfenktkdh x\/okpzdh B{z th fJ; okj *s\/ uZb e\/ jh B\/;s’^Bkp{d ehsk ik ;edk j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
j[D i\/ tkfg; fcabw dh ejkDh tZb w[fVnk ikt\/ sK n;hA t\/yd\/ jK fe fJZe EK *s\/ dbhg f;zx wfbek fteN’ohnk Bkb r[casr{ eodk j’fJnk nkydk j? fe T[j ;akjh e?dh j?.fteN’ohnk fJedw, T[; dh rZb B{z oZd eodh j’Jh efjzdh j? fe s[jkB{z fJZE\/ rZb eoB dh g{oh yZ[bQ j?. ftukoK dh nkiakdh dk fyankb, pVk Bch; fyankb j?. go ikpo jkew, fJ; Bch; fyankb dh o{j B{z esb eo fdzdk j?.T[j fJ; ftuko B{z i[abw d\/ ;zd *u spdhb eo fdzdk j?.iakbw je{ws fJ; fyankb dk fJ;s\/wkb, r[bkw d\/ wB T[Zs\/ nkgDh ieV B{z pDkJh oZyD bJh eodh j?.jkew ftukoK dh nkiakdh dh rZb eodk j’fJnk, r[bkw d\/ nkb\/^d[nkb\/ fJZe fdZy^nfdZy bhe tkj fdzdk j?. fi; dk we;d r[bkw d\/ ;[gfBnK d\/ n;hw ;z;ko B{z e?d eoBk jz[dk j?.nkw s”o *s\/ ftukoXkoe^e?d G[rs fojk nkdwh iK e”w fJ; Gow ftZu fiTA[d\/ ofjzd\/ jB fe T[j nkiakd jB. fJzM pzd\/ iK e”w dh oki;h nXhBrh B{z ;dhth pDkT[D dh e’f;a;a ehsh iKdh j?. nXhB fXo B{z ;dhth nXhB oZyDk pVk w[;afeb jz[dk j?. nXhB fXo id th ikrdh j? iK ikrDk ;a[o{ eodh j? sK ikpo dk ipo e[jkVk th Bkb jh uZbDk ;[ao{ j’ iKdk j?. fi; dk wB’oE r[bkw B{z d[pkok fgzio\/ tZb XZeDk jz[dk j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
dbhg f;zx id nzro\/I je{ws e’b’A y’j\/ j’J\/ ‘yakb;k oki’ dh wzr eodk j? sK T[; dk (fpqfN;a oki dk ) eo{g fujok gqsZy j’ iKdk j?.ftukoK dh ;[szsosk dh d[jkJh d\/D tkbk oki, dbhg f;zx dh rZb tZb ezB XoBk th g;zd BjhA eodk .nzs B{z dbhg f;zx f;ZXh prkts eo fdzdk j?.’dodK tkb\/ d\/;’ [r[bkwh dh ghV B{z jzYk ojh Xosh (gzikp)] B{z ;[szso eotkT[D, T[; d\/ ihtB dk fBPkBk pD iKdk j?.yakb;\/ d\/ d\/;a B{z nkiakd eotkT[D bJh, T[j coK; sA’ jz[dk j’fJnk o{; sZe ik gj[zudk j?.gqG[;Zsk d\/ x’b ftZu, T[j nkgDh g{oh T{oik M’e fdzdk j?.go T[; dh iZd’^ ifjd B{z cb BjhA bZrdk.fpqfN;a je{ws fJ; prkts B{z skes d\/ ia’o Bkb e[ub fdzdh j?. fJZE\/ dbhg f;zx d\/ T[Zdw^T[gokb\/ B{z rj[ Bkb d\/yD dh b’V j?. fJj bVkJh *eZb\/ dbhg f;zx dh BjhA ;h pbfe g{o\/ gzE dh ;h.<\/b><\/div>\n
nzro\/Ik\u02c6 B\/ s;aZdd tkb\/ gZy s’A sK e’Jh e’o^e;o BjhA SZvh ;h.go fJ; ;G d\/ pkti{d, f;ZyK d\/ nzdo nkiakdh dh i’s ir ojh ;h.nzro\/iaK d\/ i[abwK dk MZyV th, fJ; i’s B{z p[MkT[D ftZu Bkekw fojk ;h.fJ; d\/ m’; ;p{s fJfsjk; B\/ nkgDh pZ[eb ftZu ;KG e\/ oZy\/ j’J\/ jB.GkJh wjkoki f;zx tZb’A ‘ yakb;k oki ‘ dh w[V ekfJwh bJh ehsk frnk T[gokbk, fJ; rZb dh T[GothA fw;kb j?. fJ; s’A fJbktk dbhg f;zx dh T[dkjoD th, fJ; rZb B{z s;dhe eodh j?.id tb?s s’A dbhg f;zx, oki jkf;b eoB dk ;[B\/jk, f;ZykA tZb Bz{ G\/idk j? sK f;ZyK B{z ukn uVQ iKdk j?.don;b f;Zy dbhg f;zx B{z ‘bkj”o d\/ syas’ dk tko; s;Zto eod\/ ;B .fJ; bJh T[; dh, gzE ftZu w[V ;akfwb j’D dh yapo T[jBK B{z nefj y[;ah pya;adh j?.fJ; d\/ Bkb jh ‘bkj”o d\/ syas’ B{z d[pkok jkf;b eoB dk g?rkw, f;ZyK dhnK T[wzrK B{z BthA ikB d\/ iKdk j?.fco ‘bkj’o d\/ syas’ B{z w[V gqkgs eoB bJh, jo ;zGt :sB nkozG jz[d\/ jB.go fJjBK :sBK B{z p{o BjhA g?Adk feT[Afe y’j\/ j’J\/ oki s[ozs s[jkv\/ nkgD\/ BjhA j’ iKd\/.fJ; dh g[Bo^gqkgsh bJh, efmB ;zxo;a^;kXBk eoBh g?Adh j?.fJj ;zxo;a^;kXBk, eJh tko ;dhnK bzwh th j’ iKdh j?.f;Zy nkgD\/ e”wh oki B{z g[Bo^ ;Ekfgs eoB bJh nZi sZe i{M oj\/ jB.<\/b><\/div>\n
dbhg f;zx B\/ th fJ; iZd’^ifjd ftZu nkgDk pDdk :’rdkB gkfJnk j?.ukj\/ T[; dh prkts n;cab ofjzdh j\/?. go oki dh ohM nzfsw gbK sZe, T[; d\/ Bkb ofjzdh j?. T[AM nkyoh T[wo\/, T[; dh ;aya;hns dk s\/i^gqskg nkgDh gfjbkA tkbh nkGk rtk uZ[fenk j[zdk j?.fJ; bJh, T[j nkgD\/ gfotko d\/ dpkn j\/m nk e\/, wfbek d\/ dopko *u wkch dh cfonkd th eodk j?. wfbek ns\/ dbhg f;zx dh w[bkeks th jz[dh j?. ftukoK dk nkdkB^gqdkB jz[dk j?.go fJ; rZbpks dk gZek f;ZNk eh fBebdk j?< fcabw fJ; rZb B{z g{oh soQK y'bQdh BjhA.fcabw fJj ezw do;aeK d\/ fiazw\/ bk e\/ nZr\/ tZX iKdh j?.dbhg f;zx nkgDk nzfsw ;wK coK; ftZu pshs eodk j? ns\/ nzs B{z coK; dh Xosh *s\/ jh nekb ubkDk eo iKdk j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
j[D sZe n;hA fbys d\/ nzdo, fcabw d\/ ;ekoswe gZyK B{z, ftnkfynk ;fjs T[GkoB dh e’fPP ehsh j?.go gVu’bthA^fdqPNh fcabw d\/ Bekoswe gfjb{nK tZb, ikD dh th wzr eodh j?.fJ; bJh j[D n;hA nkgDh fbys B{z, fJ; gk;\/ tZb ;\/fXs eoKr\/.fcabw d\/ seBheh gZy dh th nkgDh wjZssk j[zdh j?.go fbys dk we;d fcabw d\/ seBheh gfjb{nK dh g[D^SkD eoBk BjhA j? pbfe fcabweko tZb’A fJfsjk; dh ehsh rJh ftnkfynk dh gVskb eoBk j? ns\/ Bkb dh Bkb ftnkfynk dh nkb’uBkswe ftnkfynk eoBk th j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
fcabw d\/ Bekoswe gZy tZb Biao wkod\/ j’J\/, n;hA t\/yd\/ jK fe dbhg f;zx g{oh fizadrh dkVQh esok jh ofjzdk j?. gzikA fgnkfonkA s’A yzv\/ dh gkj[b b?D s’A pknd th, T[; dh dkVQh esoh jh ofjzdh j?.gzikph dh w;aj{o nyapko ‘nihs’ B\/ fgZS\/ fij\/ wjkokik dbhg f;zx dhnK d’ s;thoK SkghnK ;B.nyapko B\/ s;thoK d\/ gqwkfDe j’D dk dkntk th ehsk ;h. fJZe c’N’ ftZu dbhg f;zx w’Bk ;h ns\/ d[{;oh ftZu ;kps^;{os f;Zy ;h.r{rb dk y’i^ fJziD th fijVhnk c’N’nK pkjo eZYdk j?.T[jBK ftZu’A fiankdkso c’N’nkA, dbhg f;zx B{z f;Zyh ;o{g ftZu jh fdykTA[dhnK jB.fijBkA ftZu T[; B\/ dkVQh pzBQh j’Jh j?.go fcabw ftZu o’b fBGk fojk ebkeko (;fszdo ;oski) fes\/ th pzBQh j’Jh dkVQh ftZu BjhA fdydk.nzfwqs SeD s’A gfjbkA dbhg f;zx fe; o{g ftZu ;h < fJ; rZb B{z jkb dh xVh, fJZe gk;\/ oZyDk mhe j't\/rk.nzfwqs SeD s'A pknd dbhg f;zx ;kps^;{os ;h iK BjhA < fJj ;tkb ;kv\/ bJh yak; nfjwhns oZydk j?.i\/ fcabw d\/ ebgBkekoK dh y'i fJj efjzdh j? fe dbhg f;zx nzfwqs SeD sA' pknd th dkVQh eZNdk ;h sK fco T[; dh f;Zy ;aya;hns nkg^w[jko\/ tZv\/ gq;aB fuzBQ d\/ jtkb\/ j' iKdh j?.fJ; d\/ Bkb jh T[; dhnK c'N'nK *s\/ coiah j'D dh Skg bZr iKdh j?.fJ; s'A fJbktk fJ; d\/ fJj noE th bJ\/ ikDr\/ fe fcabweko dbhg f;zx dh ;aya;hns d\/ ewia'o gk;\/ Bz{, fcabw d\/ iaohJ\/ ftykT[D dh e'f;a;a eo fojk j?.go i\/ dbhg f;zx B\/ yzv\/ dh gkj[b b?D sA' pknd dkVQh oZyh j'Jh ;h (fi; dh g[;aNh s;thoK th eodhnK jB ) sK fco fcbw d\/ fBowksk^fBod\/;ae B\/ tZvh rbsh ehsh j?. fJ; d\/ wknB\/ fJj th jB fe fJ; fpzd{ *s\/ ndkeko th nkgDh ebk Bkb, fBnK BjhA eo ;fenk.<\/b><\/div>\n
fcabw d\/ nkyoh gb pj[s wjZstg{oB jz[d\/ jB. seohpB jo fJB;kB, fJjBK gbK gqsh yak; fyZu oZydk j?.i\/ fcabw fJfsjk; nXkfos j’t\/ sK fJj fyZu j’o th tZX iKdh j?.fcabw d\/ nyho ftZu do;ae nkgD\/ fyzv\/ j’J\/ fXnkB B{z ;eohB T[Zs\/ e\/Adfos eo fdzdk j? iK e\/Adfos eoB dh e’f;a;a eodk j?.t?;\/ sK swkw fcabw d”okB, do;ae nkgDh yzfvs ;[os B{z, god\/ T[Zs\/ fJekro eodk j’fJnk ftykJh fdzdk j?. ukj\/ fcabw d\/ ;a[o{nksh gbK d”okB fJekrosk xZN jh Gzr jz[dh j?.go e[ZM tes phsD d\/ pknd fXnkB d\/ fyboB ns\/ i[VB dh gqfefonk ;a[o{ j’ iKdh j?.fcabw id nkgD\/ f;yo *s\/ (climax) gjz[udh j? sK do;ae nkgDh fposh B{z fiankdk fJekro eoB dh e’f;a;a eodk j?.fJ; ;koh ftuko^uouk dk ;ko^sZs fJj j? fe jo\/e doPe (xZN iK tZX) wB’ftfrnkfBe^iakps\/ ftZu pZMk jz[dk j? ns\/ fcabw d\/ nkyoh gb jo\/e bJh ft;a\/;a wjZssk oZyd\/ jB. ‘d pb?e fgqaz;’ fcabw th fJ; iakps\/ s’A pkjo BjhA j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
fJ; fcabw d\/ nzsb\/ fdq;a ,fcabw dh nkswk B{z X{j e\/ Gkosh^fposKs (INDIAN NARRATIVE) ftZu b? iKd\/ jB.fJT[A fcabw dh nkswk Gkosh^fposKs dh pzdh pD iKdh j?. f;Zy e”w dk tZvk fjZ;k sK gfjbK jh Gkosh^fposKs dk r[bkw pfDnk j’fJnk j?.Gkosh fposKs f;ZyK d\/ jo ;zxo;a (Gkosh ;N\/N d\/ fyabkc ehs\/ rJ\/ ;zxo;a B{z SZv e\/) B{z Gkos Bkb pzBQ fdzdk j?.Gkosgq;s fJfsjk;eko sK r[o^fJfsjk; B{z th fjzd{^Gkos dh nkiakdh Bkb i’V fdzd\/ jB.fJ; s’A fJbktk f;ZyK d\/ 18 thA ns\/ 19 thA ;dh d\/ nwb B{z th fjzd[;skB Bkb BZEh eo fdZsk iKdk j?.fJfsjk; dh fJj ftnkfynk, Gkosh pj[frDsh dh gbhs wkBf;esk *u’A fBebh j?.fi; dk T[d\/;a f;Zy f;XkAs ns\/ ftjko dh w”fbesk B{z Grt\/A ozr ftZu ozrDk j?.p\/;Zae 20 thA ;dh ftZu f;Zy Gkos dh nkiakdh bJh th bV\/ ;B.go fJ; bVkJh ftZu f;ZyK B\/ nkgDh nkiakdh dh T[whd B{z th ;akfwb ehsk j’fJnk ;h.go f;ZyK dh fJj T[whd sK yakp pD e\/ jh ofj rJh.f;ZyK B\/ fJfsjk; d\/ fJ; ekb^yzv (20 thA ;dh *u, Gkos d\/ nkiakdh ;zrokw d”okB) ftZu g{oB gqG[;Zsk d\/ dknt\/ B{z fsnkr fdZsk ;h ns\/ nkgD\/ nkg B{z y[oh j’Jh gqG[;Zsk (ERODED SOVEREIGNTY) sZe ;hfws eo fbnk ;h.f;Zy e”w dk tZvk fjZ;k nZi th y[oh j’Jh gqG;Zsk Bkb uzpfVnk j’fJnk j?.Gkt y[oh j’Jh gqG[;Zsk ftZu :ehB eodk j?.y[oh j’Jh gqG[;Zsk dh jZd y[dw[yfsnkoh (Gkosh^gqG[;Zsk d\/ nXhB gqG[;Zsk) *s\/ ik e\/ wZ[e iKdh j?.t?;\/ Gkosh oki ng{oB^gqG[;Zsk B{z th e?oh nZy Bkb t\/ydk j?.Gkt Gkosh ;N\/N nkgD\/ fposKs d\/ iaohJ\/, nX{oh^gqG[;Zsk (y[oh j’Jh gqG[;Zsk) dh ykfjP B{z th yk ikDk ukj[zdh j?. fJZE\/ 20 thA ;dh d\/ nkyoh djkfenK d”okB uZbh, i[Mko{ bfjo dk, fiaeo eoBk th, fbys dh wzr pD iKdk j?.i[Mko{ bfjo dk fJj jk;b j? fe fJ; B\/ ng{oB^gqG[;Zsk iK eZNh tZYh gqG[;Zsk B{z oZd eod\/ j’J\/, f;ZyK dh g{oB gqG[;Zsk bJh ;zxo;a bfVnk ;h.i[Mko{ bfjo B\/ nkgD\/ nwb d\/ iaohJ\/ Gkosh^fposKs dhnK XZihnK T[vk fdZshnK ;B ns\/ Bkb dh Bkb gzE B{z f;Zy^fposKs (SIKH NARRATIVE) Bkb d[pkok i’VB dk T[gokbk th ehsk ;h. f;Zy^fposKs nB[;ko f;Zy fJZe tZyoh e”w j?. f;ZyK B{z gbsw[yh ns\/ jbsw[yh gqG[sk (SPIRITUAL & TEMPORAL SOVEREIGNTY) dh dks X[o dorkj’A gqkgs j’Jh j?.fJ; bJh f;Zy^gqG[sk nzdo wBwoiah Bkb e’Jh ;’X Bjh\u02c6 ehsh ik ;edh.<\/b><\/div>\n
go f;Zy jkb\/ th (f;ZyK d\/ fJZe S’N\/ tor B{z SZv e\/) Gkosh ftuko^u”yN\/ d\/ nzdo jh x[zw oj\/ jB.i\/ f;ZyK dh fJ; ;fEsh d\/ fgZS\/, ezw eod\/ ekoB dh, x’y eoB fBebhJ\/ sK n;hA t\/yd\/ jK fe f;Zy 100 ;kbK s’A T[Zgo dk ;wK,fJ; ftuko^u”yN\/ nXhB r[iako u[Ze\/ jB ns\/ r[iako oj\/ jB.fJ; bJh xNBktK ns\/ toskfonkA B{z d\/yD^goyD bJh, T[j pj[s eoe\/ Gkosh^fdq;aNh dk jh ;jkok b?Ad\/ jB.go fJ; d\/ fJj noE BjhA jB fe T[jBK (f;ZyK) B\/ nkgDh w”fbe fdq;aNh B{z g{oh soQkA rtk fbnk j?. go Gkosh fdq;aNh f;Zy ;{M B{z p[oh soQkA Bkb gqGkfts Io{o eo ojh j?.fJ; fdq;aNh s’A w[esh gqkgs eoB bJh, i[Mko{ bfjo dh ftukoXkoe ftok;s B{z gSkBDk, ;wMDk, T[GkoBk ns\/ ;Ekfgs eoBk bkiawh j’ iKdk j?. fJ; ftok;s dk ;a[ZX fjZ;k (bfjo dk nfjw ns\/ gqqXkB fjZ;k) e”w B{z,f;Zy w”fbesk d\/ do;aB eokT[D dh ekpbhns oZydk j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
f;Zy w”fbesk B\/ f;Zy^fposKs dh f;oiDk ehsh j?. f;Zy fJfsjk; dh ftnkfynk th f;Zy^ fposKs dh b’n *u jh j’Dh ukjhdh j?.go ‘d pb?e fgzq; ‘ fcabw f;Zy^fposKs dh b’n EZb\/ uZbdh^uZbdh nzs B{z Gkosh^fposKs d\/ xZ[g jB\/Qo\/ ftZu uZZbh iKdh j?.dbhg f;zx dh G{fwek fBGkn fojk ebkeko, idA’ nkyoh gbK ftZu nkgD\/ w{zj *u’A fJj ;apd eZYdk j? fe f;Zy fjzd[;skB *u’A nzro\/iakA B{z pkjo eZY d\/Dr\/ sK fJ; d\/ Bkb jh (iK s[ozs pknd ) fcabw dk ;{soXko Gkos dh nkiakdh dk n?bkBBkwk th gVQ wkodk j?.fJT[A 1947 dh fjzd{^ nkIkdh B{z f;Zy^ nkIkdh ftZu gbN fdZsk iKdk j?.fcabw dk fJj ;hB, (f;Zy) e”w d\/ nkIkdh d\/ ;[gB\/ B{z, Gkos dh ;[szsosk Bkb w\/b fdzdk j?.fJZE\/ ‘yakb;k oki’ d\/ yakp B{z ‘ Gkosh oki ‘ ftZu iiap eok fdZsk iKdk j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
j[D n;hA fJ; rZb B{z fJZe j’o IkthJ\/ s’A ;wMD dh e’f;a;a eod\/ jK.fJ; rZb ftZu e’Jh d’oktK BjhA jB fe T[; t\/b\/ ‘yakb;k oki’ B{z d[pkok ti{d ftZu fbnkT[D bJh nzro\/iaK B{z jokT[Dk iao{oh ;h.go fcabw d\/ ebgBkeko fJZE\/ GZ[b rJ\/ iK T[jBK B\/ fJj G[bk d\/Dk jh uzrk ;wfMnk fe fJfsjk; dk ;pzX f;oca nshs Bkb BjhA jz[dk pbfe ;pzfXs e”w d\/ toswkB ns\/ GftZy Bkb th, fJj nfByVt\/A o{g ftZu i[fVnk jz[dk j?.:kBhfe fJfsjk; dh ftnkfynk e”w d\/ toswkB ns\/ GftZy B{z th gqGkfts eodh j?.i\/ fJ; B{z j’o do[;s sohe\/ Bkb fejk ikt\/ sK efj ;ed\/ jk fe fJfsjk; dh ftnkfynk ;pzfXs e”w d\/ toswkB ns\/ GftZy B{z f;oca gqGkfts jh BjhA eodh pbfe T[; B{z xVB ftZu th nfjw G{fwek ndk eodh j?.fcabw fJfsjk; dk noE^fBog{oD (INTERPRETATION) eo ojh ;h.y[Z;\/ j’J\/ oki dh pks gk ojh ;h.fJ; bJh fBowksk^fBod\/;ae B{z f;ZyK dh ni’eh ;fEsh dk g?o^g?o *s\/ f\\nkb oZyDk ukjhdk ;h.f;Zy Gkos ftZu r[bkw jB.T[jBK dk ‘d\/;’ Gkos d\/ epia\/ nXhB j? fJ; ;Zu B{z fcabw *u uzrh soQkA o\/ykAfes (UNDERLINE) eoBk ukjhdk ;h.go fcabw d\/ ;wkgsh^fdq;a ejkDh B{z g[Zmh fdPk tZb b? iKd\/ jB. fJZE\/ f;Zy oki dh shpo sKx dk GkoshekoB eo fdZsk iKdk j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
n;hA fbys B{z nZr\/ s’oB s’A gfjbK, fJZE\/ fJZe j’o B[es\/ B{z ftukoBk ukjz[d\/ jK .fJ; dk ;pzX fcabw d\/ fBowksk ns\/ fBod\/;ae dhnK n”eVkA Bkb j?.fJZe fJfsjk; nXkfos fcabw B{z pDkT[D bJh, fJfsjk; dh y’i s’A b? e\/ fcabw dh fobhia sZe, T[jBkA (fBowksk^fBod\/;ae) B{z eJh w[;afebkA dk ;kjwDk eoBk g?Adk j?. ‘ d pb?e fgzq; ‘ fcabw th N\/Y\/^w\/Y\/ okjkA *s\/ uZb e\/ fsnko j’Jh j’t\/rh, fJ; rZb pko\/ ;kB{z e’Jh Pzek BjhA j?.fcabw d\/ fBowksk ns\/ fBod\/Pe, fJ; ;pzXh th fuzss j’Dr\/ fe fcabw B{z Gkos nzdo uZbD fdZsk ikt\/rk fe BjhA feT[Afe Gkosh ;N\/N f;Zy^gqG[;Zsk d\/ ftuko Bkb t?o^Gkt oZydh j?.fJj tes T[jBK d\/ eoV\/ fJwfsjkB dk ;h.fJ; EK *s\/ (fcabw d\/ f;yo *s\/) fcabweko B{z fJj’ fij\/ ;apdK dh u’D eoBh ukjhdh ;h ns\/ fJ; d\/ Bkb jh ;hB B{z th nfij\/ f;bf;b\/ u g\/P eoBk ukjhdk ;h fe fi; Bkb fcabw dh nkswk B{z e’Jh iop Bk tZidh. Gkt T[; dh nkswk nyho sZe ;bkws ofjzdh.go fcabw B{z pDkT[D tkb\/, fJ; ;EkB *s\/ (nyho *u) gj[zue\/ ;wM”sktkdh gqftosh d\/ fPeko j’ iKd\/ jB.fcabw f;Zy oki dh rZb eodh j’Jh, Gkosh oki dh PoB ftZu uZbh iKdh j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
i\/ uzd e[ fwzNK bJh ,dbhg f;zx d\/ nkyoh p’bK B{z,sZE nXkfos th wzB fbnk ikt\/.sd th fJjBK p’bK B{z ;theko eoB n;zGt j? feT[Afe fJj p’b f;Zy^gqG[Z;sk B{z Gkosh^gqG[;Zsk *u ob^rZv eo fdzd\/ jB.ofjzdh ^;fjzdh e;o ;{soXko d\/ w[ZYb\/ nbcakia eZY fdzd\/ jB .i’ f;ZyK B{z Gkosh^gqG[;Zsk d\/ jtkb\/ eoB bZfrnk G’ok th d\/o BjhA bkT[Ad\/ . fJ; s’A pknd f;B\/wk d\/ god\/ T[Zs\/ nk ojhnK ;soK ,;{uBk wkso pD e\/ ofj iKdhnK jB feT[Afe f;ZyK dh nkIkdh dk n?bkB sK fcabw gfjbK jh eo u[Zeh j[zdh j?. j[D fJ; yzv ftZu ehs\/ rJ\/ ftPb\/PD B{z ,n;hA pj[s jh ;zy\/g bcaIK ftZu pzBQD dk :sB eoKr\/ . ;’ ,i\/ dbhg f;zx tZb’A ej\/ rJ\/ nbcakia stkohyh^;Zu jB sK fJjBK B{z fJ; sohe\/ Bkb b’eK dh BIo eoBk ukjhdk ;h fe fJ; Bkb e”w dh gqG[;Zsk jkf;b eoB dh ;ZXo B{z MohN sZe Bk gj[zudh . go fcabw gzE dh f;nk;h iZd’^ifjd Bz{ Gkos dh gqG[sk okjhA gqtkB uVQdk ftyk fdzdh j?.<\/b><\/div>\n
j[D sZe n;hA nkgDh ;woZEk nB[;ko,fcabw dh bzwh f;XKse ;whfynk, eo nkJ\/ jK.fJ; ;whfynk dh p[fBnkd s\/ n;hA fJj nky ;ed\/ jK fe fcabw doPeK B{z ;Zio\/ sZEK s’A ikD{ eotkT[Adh j? ns\/ fJfsjk; dhnK eJh wjhB gosK B{z th S{jdh j?. fJ; d\/ Bkb jh oki d\/ iIp\/ B{z th (tesh s”o *s\/ ) irkT[Adh j?.go iIfpnK dk fJj dfonk,nzs B{z Gkosh Xkok ftZu ik e\/ ;wk iKdk j?.<\/b><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The Black Prince – History out of tomb brings to you a closer view to the history of last heir to mighty throne of Punjab ‘ d pb?e fgqz; ‘ epo’A T[Zfmnk fJfsjk; -gqGi’s f;zx (94655- 89440) fJfsjk; dh ftnkfynk B{z fJfsjk;ekoK dk e;p ;wfMnk iKdk j?.go fJfsjk; dh ftnkfynk f;oca s\/ f;oca fJfsjk;eko sZe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3146,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[6,7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3178"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3178"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3183,"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3178\/revisions\/3183"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3146"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hanssarvar.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}